Implement native ESP-IDF radar firmware

2026-07-21 07:47:02 +00:00
parent 8a43efb3f6
commit b473ed4369
28 changed files with 3770 additions and 1 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+name: build
+
+on:
+  push:
+  pull_request:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  host-tests:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Configure
+        run: cmake -S tests -B build-host -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
+      - name: Build
+        run: cmake --build build-host --parallel
+      - name: Test
+        run: ctest --test-dir build-host --output-on-failure
+
+  esp-idf:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container: espressif/idf:v5.3.4
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Build ESP32-S3 firmware
+        run: idf.py build
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/build/
+/build-*/
+/.cache/
+/managed_components/
+/sdkconfig
+/sdkconfig.old
+*.bin
+*.elf
+*.map
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
+
+# Only discover the application and its declared transitive dependencies.
+set(COMPONENTS main)
+include($ENV{IDF_PATH}/tools/cmake/project.cmake)
+project(radick)
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,3 +1,119 @@
 # Radick

-Dick Finder
+Radick은 Ai-Thinker RD-03D V1 24 GHz 레이더와 Elecrow 7인치 CrowPanel 하나로 동작하는 독립형 다중 목표 레이더입니다. 원본 [Arduino-ESP32-Radarproject](https://github.com/Stevee87/Arduino-ESP32-Radarproject)의 레이더 표현과 거리 기반 경고음을 유지하면서, XIAO·Arduino GIGA·Wi-Fi·UDP를 모두 제거했습니다. 펌웨어는 Arduino 계층 없이 ESP-IDF 5.3과 LVGL 8로 작성되어 레이더 UART부터 화면까지 한 ESP32-S3 안에서 처리합니다.
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> 이 프로젝트는 **Basic CrowPanel 7.0 V3.0 (`DIS08070H`, ESP32-S3 N4R8)** 및 **RD-03D V1 (`S5KM312CL`, 15 × 44 mm)** 전용입니다. CrowPanel V1/V2와 RD-03D V2는 핀 및 프로토콜이 달라 지원하지 않습니다.
+
+## 필요한 하드웨어
+
+- Elecrow Basic CrowPanel 7.0-inch HMI ESP32 Display V3.0
+- Ai-Thinker RD-03D V1 레이더 모듈
+- 보호회로가 있는 1셀 Li-ion/LiPo 배터리(공칭 3.7 V, 최대 4.2 V)
+- 출력 리플 100 mV 이하의 5 V 승압 모듈(연속 200 mA 이상, 500 mA급 권장)
+- 5 V 레이더 전원 스위치와 승압 모듈 제조사가 권장하는 입·출력 캐패시터
+- 경고음을 사용할 경우 J5 `SPK`에 맞는 스피커
+
+배터리는 CrowPanel의 J1에 직접 연결할 수 있지만, RD-03D의 동작 전압은 4.5–5.5 V입니다. 따라서 레이더 VCC에는 배터리나 3V3 핀을 직접 연결하지 말고 반드시 별도 5 V 승압 출력을 사용해야 합니다. MCU/디스플레이는 CrowPanel 한 장뿐이지만, 이 승압 전원부는 생략할 수 없는 최소 부품입니다.
+
+## 배선
+
+| RD-03D V1 | CrowPanel V3 / 전원 | 설명 |
+|---|---|---|
+| `VCC` | 5 V 승압 모듈 `OUT+` | **J10의 3V3 또는 배터리에 직접 연결 금지** |
+| `GND` | 공통 GND(J7 pin 4 등) | CrowPanel·승압 모듈·레이더의 GND를 공통 연결 |
+| `TX` | J7 `GPIO_D` pin 1, GPIO38 | ESP32-S3 UART1 RX |
+| `RX` | J10 `UART` pin 2, GPIO43 | ESP32-S3 UART1 TX |
+
+배터리 전원은 아래처럼 분기합니다.
+
+```text
+보호형 1S 배터리 ──> CrowPanel J1 BAT+/GND
+        └─────────> 5 V 저리플 승압 ──> RD-03D VCC/GND
+
+RD-03D TX ─────────> J7 pin 1 / GPIO38
+RD-03D RX <───────── J10 pin 2 / GPIO43
+```
+
+J10 pin 1(GPIO44)은 온보드 CH340C의 TX 출력과 같은 네트이므로 레이더 TX를 연결하면 출력끼리 충돌할 수 있습니다. 이 때문에 레이더 수신과 송신을 서로 다른 커넥터로 나눈 것입니다. GPIO43은 CH340C RX와 레이더 RX라는 두 입력으로만 연결되어 안전하게 플래싱 경로를 유지합니다. 다만 부트 ROM의 송신도 레이더 RX에 들어가므로 **플래싱 중에는 레이더 5 V 전원을 끄는 것을 권장**합니다.
+
+RD-03D V1의 1.25 mm 4핀 커넥터는 데이터시트 기준 pin 1 `5V`, pin 2 `GND`, pin 3 `TX`, pin 4 `RX`입니다. 모듈 방향에 따라 좌우가 뒤집혀 보일 수 있으므로 실크와 pin 1 표시를 반드시 확인하십시오.
+
+J1 커넥터의 pin 1은 `BAT+`, pin 2는 `GND`입니다. 커넥터 규격만 믿지 말고 실제 배터리 극성을 멀티미터로 확인하십시오. CrowPanel에는 MCU가 읽을 수 있는 배터리 전압/잔량 회로가 없어 UI에 근거 없는 배터리 퍼센트를 표시하지 않습니다. 자세한 전체 핀맵과 전원 주의사항은 [하드웨어 문서](docs/HARDWARE.md)를 참고하십시오.
+
+## 동작 방식
+
+- UART1, 256000 baud, 8N1로 RD-03D의 30바이트 프레임을 직접 수신
+- 스트림 노이즈·분할 프레임·손상 프레임 이후 자동 재동기화
+- 최대 세 목표를 전역 최근접 매칭과 이동 예측으로 추적해 슬롯 순서가 바뀌어도 ID 유지
+- 위치/속도 EMA로 화면 떨림 완화
+- 원본의 1 m 강제 병합과 2초 정지 고스트 로직을 제거해 가까운 두 사람을 별도 목표로 유지하고 잔상을 빠르게 제거
+- 0–8 m를 근거리 중심 비선형 스케일로 그려 작은 화면 이동도 알아보기 쉽게 표시
+- 가장 가까운 목표의 거리에 따라 온보드 NS4168 스피커의 핑 주기와 음높이를 변경
+- 터치로 음소거와 밝기를 조절하고, 60초 동안 터치와 목표가 없으면 자동 감광
+- 마지막 정상 프레임으로부터 1.5초가 지나면 명확한 `RADAR OFFLINE` 상태 표시
+
+레이더 명령 전송은 앱 부팅 후 공식 멀티 타깃 명령 `0x90`만 사용합니다. 기본 단일 타깃 스트림이 이미 출력되는 경우도 놓치지 않도록 5초 간격으로 총 세 번만 멱등 전송하며 UART와 UI 태스크를 막지 않습니다. 센서 전원이 꺼졌다가 정상 프레임이 다시 들어오면 같은 제한된 설정 절차를 한 번 재수행합니다.
+
+## 빌드와 설치
+
+권장 환경은 ESP-IDF **v5.3.4**입니다. 저장소 루트에서 다음을 실행합니다.
+
+```bash
+. "$IDF_PATH/export.sh"
+idf.py set-target esp32s3
+idf.py build
+idf.py -p /dev/ttyUSB0 flash
+```
+
+첫 빌드에서 Component Manager가 LVGL 8.3.11을 받습니다. 애플리케이션 UART 콘솔은 레이더 핀과의 간섭을 피하려고 꺼 두었으므로 `monitor`에 런타임 로그가 표시되지 않는 것이 정상입니다.
+
+로컬 ESP-IDF 설치 없이 Docker로 빌드할 수도 있습니다.
+
+```bash
+docker run --rm \
+  -v "$PWD:/project" -w /project \
+  espressif/idf:v5.3.4 idf.py build
+```
+
+## 호스트 테스트
+
+레이더 프로토콜과 추적기는 ESP32 의존성 없이 테스트할 수 있습니다.
+
+```bash
+cmake -S tests -B build-host
+cmake --build build-host --parallel
+ctest --test-dir build-host --output-on-failure
+```
+
+테스트는 sign-magnitude 디코딩, 모든 청크 분할 위치, 노이즈/손상/바이트 유실 후 복구, 연속 프레임, 슬롯 재정렬, 근접 목표 비병합, 누락/재획득, 서로 교차하는 두 목표의 ID 유지를 포함합니다.
+
+## 구조
+
+```text
+main/
+├── board.*             RGB LCD, GT911/PCA9557, LVGL, 백라이트
+├── radar_protocol.*    RD-03D 스트림 파서
+├── target_tracker.*    안정 ID, 예측, EMA, 만료 처리
+├── radar_service.*     UART 태스크와 thread-safe 화면 스냅샷
+├── audio_service.*     I2S 거리 경고음
+├── ui.*                800×480 단순 레이더 UI
+├── app_settings.*      NVS 밝기/음소거 저장
+└── app_main.c          서비스 연결, 자동 감광, LVGL 루프
+```
+
+## 실기 확인 항목
+
+전체 소프트웨어 빌드와 호스트 테스트 외에, 조립 후 다음 항목은 실제 하드웨어에서 확인해야 합니다.
+
+- 승압 출력이 레이더 연결 상태에서도 5 V 근처로 안정적인지
+- GT911 터치 방향과 RGB 패널 색/플리커
+- 안테나 방향 기준 좌우 좌표가 화면과 일치하는지
+- 스피커 임피던스에 맞춘 실제 음량과 전원 노이즈
+- 배터리 구동 시간과 충전 중 발열
+
+레이더 사양은 Ai-Thinker의 [RD-03D V1 문서](https://docs.ai-thinker.com/en/Rd-03D_V1/), 디스플레이 핀은 Elecrow의 [CrowPanel 7-inch 저장소](https://github.com/Elecrow-RD/CrowPanel-7.0-HMI-ESP32-Display-800x480)와 V3 회로도를 기준으로 했습니다.
+
+## License
+
+[WTFPL v2](LICENSE)
--- a/dependencies.lock
+++ b/dependencies.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+dependencies:
+  idf:
+    source:
+      type: idf
+    version: 5.3.4
+  lvgl/lvgl:
+    component_hash: 948bff879a345149b83065535bbc4a026ce9f47498a22881e432a264b9098015
+    dependencies: []
+    source:
+      registry_url: https://components.espressif.com/
+      type: service
+    version: 8.3.11
+direct_dependencies:
+- idf
+- lvgl/lvgl
+manifest_hash: 22347424756d0bee5a8893b518dad72510d82d0ef82f426ce28777d8c1834201
+target: esp32s3
+version: 2.0.0
--- a/docs/HARDWARE.md
+++ b/docs/HARDWARE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+# CrowPanel V3 하드웨어와 핀맵
+
+이 문서는 Radick이 대상으로 하는 **Basic CrowPanel 7.0 V3.0 / DIS08070H / ESP32-S3-WROOM-1-N4R8**의 핀 사용과 RD-03D V1 연결을 정리합니다. 같은 이름으로 판매된 V1/V2는 특히 터치 회로가 다르므로 이 펌웨어의 GPIO38 레이더 입력 배선을 그대로 사용하면 안 됩니다.
+
+## 외부 레이더 배선
+
+| 기능 | ESP32-S3 | 물리 위치 | 방향 |
+|---|---:|---|---|
+| 레이더 데이터 RX | GPIO38 | J7 `GPIO_D` pin 1 | RD-03D TX → ESP32 |
+| 레이더 명령 TX | GPIO43 | J10 `UART` pin 2 | ESP32 → RD-03D RX |
+| 공통 접지 | GND | J7 pin 4 등 | 공통 |
+| 레이더 전원 | 별도 5 V boost | 외부 전원부 | boost → RD-03D VCC |
+
+J7의 pin 2는 NC, pin 3은 3V3, pin 4는 GND입니다. J10은 pin 1 GPIO44/RX 표기, pin 2 GPIO43/TX 표기, pin 3 3V3, pin 4 GND입니다. 커넥터의 RX/TX 표기는 CrowPanel 관점입니다.
+
+J10의 GPIO43/44는 CH340C USB-UART와 전기적으로 공유됩니다. CH340C TX가 연결된 GPIO44를 레이더 TX 입력으로 쓰지 않고, V3에서 사용자 GPIO로 제공되는 GPIO38을 사용해 출력 충돌을 피합니다. GPIO43에는 ESP32 출력 하나와 레이더/CH340C 입력만 매달립니다. V3 회로도에는 GPIO38 관련 선택실장 저항 자리가 있으므로 보드 변형에서는 실장 상태를 확인하십시오.
+
+RD-03D V1의 1.25 mm 4핀 커넥터 순서는 pin 1 `5V`, pin 2 `GND`, pin 3 `TX`, pin 4 `RX`입니다. 커넥터를 바라보는 방향에 따라 순서가 뒤집혀 보일 수 있으므로 실크와 pin 1 표시를 기준으로 확인하십시오.
+
+## 배터리와 5 V 레일
+
+- J1 PH2.0 pin 1: `BAT+`
+- J1 PH2.0 pin 2: `GND`
+- 배터리 범위: 보호회로가 있는 1S Li-ion/LiPo, 공칭 3.7 V, 최대 4.2 V
+- 보드 충전 IC: 4054 계열 선형 충전기, 회로도 설정 약 500 mA
+- RD-03D 요구 전원: 4.5–5.5 V, 5 V 권장, 전원 설계 여유 200 mA 이상
+
+배터리 전압은 RD-03D 최저 동작 전압보다 낮습니다. 다음 연결이 필수입니다.
+
+```text
+BAT+ ──┬── CrowPanel J1 pin 1
+       └── switch ── 5 V low-ripple boost IN+
+GND ───┬── CrowPanel J1 pin 2
+       └───────────── boost IN-/OUT- ── RD-03D GND
+boost OUT+ ─────────────────────────────> RD-03D VCC
+```
+
+- 레이더 VCC를 J7/J10의 3V3에 연결하지 마십시오.
+- 레이더 VCC를 배터리 BAT+에 직접 연결하지 마십시오.
+- 승압 모듈은 연속 200 mA 이상이어야 하며 여유를 둔 500 mA급과 공식 사양의 출력 리플 100 mV 이하를 만족해야 합니다.
+- 승압 모듈 데이터시트가 지정한 캐패시터와 짧은 전원/접지 배선을 사용하십시오.
+- 보드 회로에는 MCU용 배터리 ADC나 fuel gauge가 없으므로 정확한 잔량 표시에는 외부 게이지가 필요합니다.
+- 단순 선형 충전 회로에는 별도 power-path가 보이지 않습니다. 충전과 고부하 사용을 동시에 하면 충전 종료 판정과 발열에 영향을 줄 수 있으므로 실기에서 온도를 확인하고, 제품화할 때는 power-path가 있는 전원 설계를 사용하십시오.
+
+## 내부 사용 핀
+
+### 800 × 480 RGB 패널
+
+| 신호 | GPIO | 신호 | GPIO |
+|---|---:|---|---:|
+| D0 | 15 | D8 | 8 |
+| D1 | 7 | D9 | 16 |
+| D2 | 6 | D10 | 1 |
+| D3 | 5 | D11 | 14 |
+| D4 | 4 | D12 | 21 |
+| D5 | 9 | D13 | 47 |
+| D6 | 46 | D14 | 48 |
+| D7 | 3 | D15 | 45 |
+| PCLK | 0 | DE | 41 |
+| HSYNC | 39 | VSYNC | 40 |
+| Backlight PWM | 2 |  |  |
+
+Radick은 15 MHz pixel clock과 V3 예제/회로도의 porch 및 sync 값을 사용합니다. 프레임 버퍼는 8 MB octal PSRAM에 둡니다.
+
+### 터치와 I/O 확장기
+
+| 기능 | 값 |
+|---|---|
+| I2C SDA | GPIO19 |
+| I2C SCL | GPIO20 |
+| PCA9557 | 0x18 |
+| GT911 | V3 기본 0x5D, 0x14는 방어적으로 추가 탐색 |
+| PCA IO0 | GT911 RESET |
+| PCA IO1 | GT911 INT |
+
+V3 부팅 시 PCA9557 IO0/IO1을 출력 low로 두고 RESET을 high로 해제한 뒤 INT를 입력으로 전환합니다. 이 INT-low 리셋 순서는 정상적으로 GT911 주소 0x5D를 선택하며, 0x14 탐색은 이미 다른 상태로 기동한 변형에 대한 방어 수단입니다. 터치가 검출되지 않아도 화면과 레이더는 계속 동작하며 UI에 `TOUCH OFFLINE`을 표시합니다. GPIO19/20이 터치 I2C에 사용되므로 ESP32-S3 native USB D-/D+ 용도로 사용할 수 없습니다.
+
+### 오디오
+
+| I2S 신호 | GPIO |
+|---|---:|
+| SDIN | 17 |
+| LRCLK/WS | 18 |
+| BCLK | 42 |
+
+온보드 NS4168 앰프 출력은 J5 `SPK`의 두 단자에 연결됩니다. BTL 출력이므로 어느 스피커 단자도 GND에 연결하면 안 됩니다. 펌웨어는 16 kHz, 16-bit stereo 신호로 같은 모노 핑을 양 채널에 보냅니다.
+
+### 사용하지 않는 SD 인터페이스
+
+| 신호 | GPIO |
+|---|---:|
+| CS | 10 |
+| MOSI | 11 |
+| SCK | 12 |
+| MISO | 13 |
+
+Radick은 SD 카드를 초기화하지 않아 메모리와 부팅 시간을 절약합니다.
+
+## UART 및 플래싱 문제 해결
+
+1. 정상 프레임은 30바이트이며 `AA FF 03 00`으로 시작해 `55 CC`로 끝납니다.
+2. UART 설정은 256000 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit입니다.
+3. 센서가 응답하지 않으면 먼저 RD-03D VCC에서 실제 5 V와 공통 GND를 확인하십시오.
+4. TX/RX는 센서 기준입니다. RD TX는 GPIO38, RD RX는 GPIO43이어야 합니다.
+5. ROM UART 트래픽이 레이더 RX에도 전달되므로 플래싱 중에는 레이더 5 V 전원을 끄는 것을 권장합니다.
+6. 애플리케이션 콘솔은 의도적으로 비활성화되어 있습니다. 필요하면 개발 중에만 sdkconfig의 콘솔 설정을 바꾸되 GPIO43/44 공유를 고려하십시오.
+
+제품화하거나 UART 배선이 길다면 Ai-Thinker 권고에 따라 신호선에 10–100 Ω 직렬 저항과 적절한 ESD 보호를 추가하십시오.
+
+근거 자료: [Ai-Thinker RD-03D V1](https://docs.ai-thinker.com/en/Rd-03D_V1/), [Elecrow CrowPanel 7.0 repository](https://github.com/Elecrow-RD/CrowPanel-7.0-HMI-ESP32-Display-800x480), [ESP-IDF RGB LCD API](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v5.3.3/esp32s3/api-reference/peripherals/lcd/rgb_lcd.html).
--- a/main/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/main/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+idf_component_register(
+    SRCS
+        "app_main.c"
+        "app_settings.c"
+        "audio_service.c"
+        "board.c"
+        "radar_protocol.c"
+        "radar_service.c"
+        "target_tracker.c"
+        "ui.c"
+    INCLUDE_DIRS "."
+    REQUIRES driver esp_lcd esp_timer nvs_flash lvgl
+)
+
+target_compile_options(${COMPONENT_LIB} PRIVATE -Wall -Wextra -Werror)
--- a/main/app_main.c
+++ b/main/app_main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "esp_err.h"
+#include "esp_log.h"
+#include "esp_timer.h"
+#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
+#include "freertos/task.h"
+#include "lvgl.h"
+
+#include "app_settings.h"
+#include "audio_service.h"
+#include "board.h"
+#include "radar_service.h"
+#include "radick_config.h"
+#include "ui.h"
+
+#define AUTO_DIM_BRIGHTNESS_PERCENT 12U
+#define UI_LOOP_DELAY_MS             5U
+
+static const char *TAG = "radick";
+static uint8_t s_user_brightness = 78U;
+static bool s_audio_ready;
+static bool s_auto_dimmed;
+static uint64_t s_last_activity_ms;
+
+static uint64_t app_now_ms(void)
+{
+    return (uint64_t)esp_timer_get_time() / 1000U;
+}
+
+static void on_sound_changed(bool enabled)
+{
+    if (s_audio_ready) {
+        audio_service_set_enabled(enabled);
+    }
+    const esp_err_t err = app_settings_set_sound(enabled);
+    if (err != ESP_OK && err != ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "could not persist sound setting: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+    }
+}
+
+static void on_brightness_changed(uint8_t percent, bool persist)
+{
+    s_user_brightness = percent;
+    s_auto_dimmed = false;
+    s_last_activity_ms = app_now_ms();
+    board_set_brightness(percent);
+
+    if (persist) {
+        const esp_err_t err = app_settings_set_brightness(percent);
+        if (err != ESP_OK && err != ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE) {
+            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "could not persist brightness: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void fade_in_backlight(uint8_t target_percent)
+{
+    for (uint8_t brightness = 0U; brightness < target_percent;) {
+        const uint8_t remaining = target_percent - brightness;
+        brightness += remaining > 4U ? 4U : remaining;
+        board_set_brightness(brightness);
+        vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(6));
+    }
+}
+
+static float nearest_distance_m(const radar_snapshot_t *snapshot)
+{
+    float nearest_mm = INFINITY;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < RADAR_SERVICE_MAX_TARGETS; ++i) {
+        if (!snapshot->targets[i].valid) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const float distance_mm = hypotf(snapshot->targets[i].x_mm,
+                                         snapshot->targets[i].y_mm);
+        if (distance_mm < nearest_mm) {
+            nearest_mm = distance_mm;
+        }
+    }
+    return isfinite(nearest_mm) ? nearest_mm / 1000.0F : NAN;
+}
+
+static void update_auto_dim(bool target_present)
+{
+    static uint32_t previous_touch_ms;
+    const uint64_t current_ms = app_now_ms();
+    const uint32_t touch_ms = board_last_touch_ms();
+
+    if (target_present || touch_ms != previous_touch_ms) {
+        s_last_activity_ms = current_ms;
+        previous_touch_ms = touch_ms;
+        if (s_auto_dimmed) {
+            board_set_brightness(s_user_brightness);
+            s_auto_dimmed = false;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!s_auto_dimmed &&
+        current_ms - s_last_activity_ms >= RADICK_AUTO_DIM_MS) {
+        const uint8_t dimmed = s_user_brightness < AUTO_DIM_BRIGHTNESS_PERCENT
+                                  ? s_user_brightness
+                                  : AUTO_DIM_BRIGHTNESS_PERCENT;
+        board_set_brightness(dimmed);
+        s_auto_dimmed = true;
+    }
+}
+
+void app_main(void)
+{
+    app_settings_t settings;
+    const esp_err_t settings_err = app_settings_init(&settings);
+    if (settings_err != ESP_OK) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "using default settings: %s", esp_err_to_name(settings_err));
+    }
+    s_user_brightness = settings.brightness_percent;
+    s_last_activity_ms = app_now_ms();
+
+    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(board_init());
+
+    const esp_err_t audio_err = audio_service_init();
+    s_audio_ready = audio_err == ESP_OK;
+    if (s_audio_ready) {
+        audio_service_set_enabled(settings.sound_enabled);
+    } else {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "audio unavailable: %s", esp_err_to_name(audio_err));
+    }
+
+    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(radar_service_init());
+
+    const ui_config_t ui_config = {
+        .sound_enabled = settings.sound_enabled,
+        .touch_available = board_touch_available(),
+        .brightness_percent = settings.brightness_percent,
+        .sound_changed = on_sound_changed,
+        .brightness_changed = on_brightness_changed,
+    };
+    ui_init(&ui_config);
+
+    radar_snapshot_t snapshot;
+    radar_service_get_snapshot(&snapshot);
+    ui_update(&snapshot);
+    (void)lv_timer_handler();
+    fade_in_backlight(s_user_brightness);
+
+    uint64_t next_ui_update_ms = 0U;
+    for (;;) {
+        const uint64_t current_ms = app_now_ms();
+        if (current_ms >= next_ui_update_ms) {
+            radar_service_get_snapshot(&snapshot);
+            ui_update(&snapshot);
+
+            const float nearest_m = nearest_distance_m(&snapshot);
+            if (s_audio_ready) {
+                if (isfinite(nearest_m)) {
+                    audio_service_set_nearest_distance(nearest_m);
+                } else {
+                    audio_service_clear_target();
+                }
+            }
+            update_auto_dim(snapshot.target_count > 0U);
+            next_ui_update_ms = current_ms + RADICK_UI_REFRESH_MS;
+        }
+
+        (void)lv_timer_handler();
+        vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(UI_LOOP_DELAY_MS));
+    }
+}
--- a/main/app_settings.c
+++ b/main/app_settings.c
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#include "app_settings.h"
+
+#include "esp_log.h"
+#include "nvs.h"
+#include "nvs_flash.h"
+
+#define SETTINGS_NAMESPACE          "radick"
+#define SETTINGS_KEY_BRIGHTNESS     "brightness"
+#define SETTINGS_KEY_SOUND          "sound"
+#define DEFAULT_BRIGHTNESS_PERCENT  78U
+#define DEFAULT_SOUND_ENABLED       true
+
+static const char *TAG = "settings";
+static nvs_handle_t s_nvs;
+static bool s_ready;
+
+static esp_err_t init_nvs_partition(void)
+{
+    esp_err_t err = nvs_flash_init();
+    if (err == ESP_ERR_NVS_NO_FREE_PAGES || err == ESP_ERR_NVS_NEW_VERSION_FOUND) {
+        err = nvs_flash_erase();
+        if (err != ESP_OK) {
+            return err;
+        }
+        err = nvs_flash_init();
+    }
+    return err;
+}
+
+esp_err_t app_settings_init(app_settings_t *settings)
+{
+    if (settings == NULL) {
+        return ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG;
+    }
+
+    settings->brightness_percent = DEFAULT_BRIGHTNESS_PERCENT;
+    settings->sound_enabled = DEFAULT_SOUND_ENABLED;
+
+    esp_err_t err = init_nvs_partition();
+    if (err != ESP_OK) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "NVS unavailable: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    err = nvs_open(SETTINGS_NAMESPACE, NVS_READWRITE, &s_nvs);
+    if (err != ESP_OK) {
+        return err;
+    }
+    s_ready = true;
+
+    uint8_t value = 0;
+    if (nvs_get_u8(s_nvs, SETTINGS_KEY_BRIGHTNESS, &value) == ESP_OK &&
+        value >= 10U && value <= 100U) {
+        settings->brightness_percent = value;
+    }
+    if (nvs_get_u8(s_nvs, SETTINGS_KEY_SOUND, &value) == ESP_OK) {
+        settings->sound_enabled = value != 0U;
+    }
+    return ESP_OK;
+}
+
+esp_err_t app_settings_set_brightness(uint8_t percent)
+{
+    if (percent < 10U || percent > 100U) {
+        return ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG;
+    }
+    if (!s_ready) {
+        return ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE;
+    }
+    esp_err_t err = nvs_set_u8(s_nvs, SETTINGS_KEY_BRIGHTNESS, percent);
+    return err == ESP_OK ? nvs_commit(s_nvs) : err;
+}
+
+esp_err_t app_settings_set_sound(bool enabled)
+{
+    if (!s_ready) {
+        return ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE;
+    }
+    esp_err_t err = nvs_set_u8(s_nvs, SETTINGS_KEY_SOUND, enabled ? 1U : 0U);
+    return err == ESP_OK ? nvs_commit(s_nvs) : err;
+}
--- a/main/app_settings.h
+++ b/main/app_settings.h
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "esp_err.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t brightness_percent;
+    bool sound_enabled;
+} app_settings_t;
+
+esp_err_t app_settings_init(app_settings_t *settings);
+esp_err_t app_settings_set_brightness(uint8_t percent);
+esp_err_t app_settings_set_sound(bool enabled);
--- a/main/audio_service.c
+++ b/main/audio_service.c
@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+#include "audio_service.h"
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "driver/i2s_std.h"
+#include "esp_log.h"
+#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
+#include "freertos/task.h"
+
+/* CrowPanel 7.0-inch V3 onboard NS4168 connections. */
+#define AUDIO_I2S_PORT              I2S_NUM_0
+#define AUDIO_PIN_BCLK              42
+#define AUDIO_PIN_LRCLK             18
+#define AUDIO_PIN_DOUT              17
+
+#define AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE_HZ        16000U
+#define AUDIO_DMA_BUFFER_COUNT      4
+#define AUDIO_DMA_FRAMES            128U
+#define AUDIO_CHANNEL_COUNT         2U
+
+#define PING_DURATION_MS            70U
+#define PING_TOTAL_FRAMES           ((AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE_HZ * PING_DURATION_MS) / 1000U)
+#define PING_ATTACK_FRAMES          ((AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE_HZ * 4U) / 1000U)
+#define PING_RELEASE_FRAMES         ((AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE_HZ * 12U) / 1000U)
+#define PING_PEAK_AMPLITUDE         7000
+
+#define DISTANCE_MIN_M              0.3f
+#define DISTANCE_MAX_M              8.0f
+#define PING_FREQUENCY_NEAR_HZ      1800U
+#define PING_FREQUENCY_FAR_HZ       700U
+#define PING_INTERVAL_NEAR_MS       120U
+#define PING_INTERVAL_FAR_MS        900U
+
+#define SINE_TABLE_BITS             8U
+#define SINE_TABLE_SIZE             (1U << SINE_TABLE_BITS)
+#define AUDIO_TASK_STACK_BYTES      3072U
+#define AUDIO_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS      25U
+
+typedef struct {
+    bool enabled;
+    bool has_target;
+    float nearest_distance_m;
+} audio_state_snapshot_t;
+
+static const char *TAG = "audio_service";
+static portMUX_TYPE s_state_lock = portMUX_INITIALIZER_UNLOCKED;
+static bool s_initialized;
+static bool s_initializing;
+static bool s_enabled = true;
+static bool s_has_target;
+static float s_nearest_distance_m;
+static TaskHandle_t s_audio_task;
+static i2s_chan_handle_t s_tx_channel;
+
+/* Kept out of the worker stack: 512 B each for the LUT and stereo DMA chunk. */
+static int16_t s_sine_table[SINE_TABLE_SIZE];
+static int16_t s_pcm_chunk[AUDIO_DMA_FRAMES * AUDIO_CHANNEL_COUNT];
+
+static void audio_task(void *context);
+
+static void init_sine_table(void)
+{
+    const float phase_scale = (2.0f * 3.14159265358979323846f) / (float)SINE_TABLE_SIZE;
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < SINE_TABLE_SIZE; ++i) {
+        s_sine_table[i] = (int16_t)(sinf((float)i * phase_scale) * 32767.0f);
+    }
+}
+
+static audio_state_snapshot_t state_snapshot(void)
+{
+    audio_state_snapshot_t snapshot;
+
+    taskENTER_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+    snapshot.enabled = s_enabled;
+    snapshot.has_target = s_has_target;
+    snapshot.nearest_distance_m = s_nearest_distance_m;
+    taskEXIT_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+
+    return snapshot;
+}
+
+static void notify_audio_task(TaskHandle_t task)
+{
+    if (task != NULL) {
+        xTaskNotifyGive(task);
+    }
+}
+
+static uint32_t map_frequency_hz(float distance_m)
+{
+    const float position = (distance_m - DISTANCE_MIN_M) /
+                           (DISTANCE_MAX_M - DISTANCE_MIN_M);
+    const float span = (float)(PING_FREQUENCY_NEAR_HZ - PING_FREQUENCY_FAR_HZ);
+
+    return (uint32_t)((float)PING_FREQUENCY_NEAR_HZ - (position * span) + 0.5f);
+}
+
+static uint32_t map_interval_ms(float distance_m)
+{
+    const float position = (distance_m - DISTANCE_MIN_M) /
+                           (DISTANCE_MAX_M - DISTANCE_MIN_M);
+    const float span = (float)(PING_INTERVAL_FAR_MS - PING_INTERVAL_NEAR_MS);
+
+    return (uint32_t)((float)PING_INTERVAL_NEAR_MS + (position * span) + 0.5f);
+}
+
+static uint32_t envelope_q15(uint32_t frame)
+{
+    if (frame < PING_ATTACK_FRAMES) {
+        return (frame * 32767U) / PING_ATTACK_FRAMES;
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t frames_after = PING_TOTAL_FRAMES - frame - 1U;
+    if (frames_after < PING_RELEASE_FRAMES) {
+        return (frames_after * 32767U) / PING_RELEASE_FRAMES;
+    }
+
+    return 32767U;
+}
+
+static bool write_pcm(const int16_t *samples, size_t frame_count)
+{
+    const uint8_t *source = (const uint8_t *)samples;
+    const size_t total_bytes = frame_count * AUDIO_CHANNEL_COUNT * sizeof(int16_t);
+    size_t offset = 0;
+
+    while (offset < total_bytes) {
+        size_t bytes_written = 0;
+        const esp_err_t err = i2s_channel_write(s_tx_channel,
+                                                source + offset,
+                                                total_bytes - offset,
+                                                &bytes_written,
+                                                AUDIO_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        if (err != ESP_OK || bytes_written == 0U) {
+            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "I2S write failed: %s (%u/%u bytes)",
+                     esp_err_to_name(err),
+                     (unsigned)offset,
+                     (unsigned)total_bytes);
+            return false;
+        }
+        offset += bytes_written;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool target_still_audible(void)
+{
+    const audio_state_snapshot_t snapshot = state_snapshot();
+    return snapshot.enabled && snapshot.has_target;
+}
+
+static bool play_ping(uint32_t frequency_hz)
+{
+    uint32_t phase = 0;
+    const uint32_t phase_step = (uint32_t)(((uint64_t)frequency_hz << 32) /
+                                           AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE_HZ);
+
+    for (uint32_t first_frame = 0; first_frame < PING_TOTAL_FRAMES;
+         first_frame += AUDIO_DMA_FRAMES) {
+        if (!target_still_audible()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        uint32_t frame_count = PING_TOTAL_FRAMES - first_frame;
+        if (frame_count > AUDIO_DMA_FRAMES) {
+            frame_count = AUDIO_DMA_FRAMES;
+        }
+
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < frame_count; ++i) {
+            const uint32_t frame = first_frame + i;
+            const uint32_t envelope = envelope_q15(frame);
+            const int32_t wave = s_sine_table[phase >> (32U - SINE_TABLE_BITS)];
+            int32_t sample = (wave * PING_PEAK_AMPLITUDE) >> 15;
+            sample = (sample * (int32_t)envelope) >> 15;
+            phase += phase_step;
+
+            s_pcm_chunk[i * AUDIO_CHANNEL_COUNT] = (int16_t)sample;
+            s_pcm_chunk[(i * AUDIO_CHANNEL_COUNT) + 1U] = (int16_t)sample;
+        }
+
+        if (!write_pcm(s_pcm_chunk, frame_count)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Queue one DMA ring of zero samples. Once these writes complete, every tone
+ * buffer has reached the peripheral, so it is safe to clear and stop the DMA
+ * without clipping the 70 ms envelope tail.
+ */
+static void drain_with_silence(void)
+{
+    memset(s_pcm_chunk, 0, sizeof(s_pcm_chunk));
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < AUDIO_DMA_BUFFER_COUNT; ++i) {
+        if (!write_pcm(s_pcm_chunk, AUDIO_DMA_FRAMES)) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void stop_output(bool *i2s_running, bool drain)
+{
+    if (!*i2s_running) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (drain) {
+        drain_with_silence();
+    }
+    (void)i2s_channel_disable(s_tx_channel);
+    *i2s_running = false;
+}
+
+static void audio_task(void *context)
+{
+    (void)context;
+    bool i2s_running = false;
+    bool active_session = false;
+    TickType_t last_ping_tick = 0;
+
+    taskENTER_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+    s_audio_task = xTaskGetCurrentTaskHandle();
+    taskEXIT_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+
+    for (;;) {
+        const audio_state_snapshot_t snapshot = state_snapshot();
+
+        if (!snapshot.enabled || !snapshot.has_target) {
+            stop_output(&i2s_running, false);
+            active_session = false;
+            (void)ulTaskNotifyTake(pdTRUE, portMAX_DELAY);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const TickType_t now = xTaskGetTickCount();
+        if (active_session) {
+            const TickType_t interval_ticks =
+                pdMS_TO_TICKS(map_interval_ms(snapshot.nearest_distance_m));
+            const TickType_t elapsed_ticks = now - last_ping_tick;
+            if (elapsed_ticks < interval_ticks) {
+                (void)ulTaskNotifyTake(pdTRUE, interval_ticks - elapsed_ticks);
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!i2s_running) {
+            if (i2s_channel_enable(s_tx_channel) != ESP_OK) {
+                ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could not start I2S output");
+                (void)ulTaskNotifyTake(pdTRUE, pdMS_TO_TICKS(250));
+                continue;
+            }
+            i2s_running = true;
+        }
+
+        last_ping_tick = xTaskGetTickCount();
+        active_session = true;
+        const bool completed = play_ping(map_frequency_hz(snapshot.nearest_distance_m));
+        stop_output(&i2s_running, completed);
+    }
+}
+
+esp_err_t audio_service_init(void)
+{
+    taskENTER_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+    if (s_initialized) {
+        taskEXIT_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+        return ESP_OK;
+    }
+    if (s_initializing) {
+        taskEXIT_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+        return ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE;
+    }
+    s_initializing = true;
+    taskEXIT_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+
+    init_sine_table();
+
+    i2s_chan_config_t channel_config =
+        I2S_CHANNEL_DEFAULT_CONFIG(AUDIO_I2S_PORT, I2S_ROLE_MASTER);
+    channel_config.dma_desc_num = AUDIO_DMA_BUFFER_COUNT;
+    channel_config.dma_frame_num = AUDIO_DMA_FRAMES;
+    channel_config.auto_clear = true;
+
+    const i2s_std_config_t standard_config = {
+        .clk_cfg = I2S_STD_CLK_DEFAULT_CONFIG(AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE_HZ),
+        .slot_cfg = I2S_STD_PHILIPS_SLOT_DEFAULT_CONFIG(
+            I2S_DATA_BIT_WIDTH_16BIT, I2S_SLOT_MODE_STEREO),
+        .gpio_cfg = {
+            .mclk = I2S_GPIO_UNUSED,
+            .bclk = AUDIO_PIN_BCLK,
+            .ws = AUDIO_PIN_LRCLK,
+            .dout = AUDIO_PIN_DOUT,
+            .din = I2S_GPIO_UNUSED,
+            .invert_flags = {
+                .mclk_inv = false,
+                .bclk_inv = false,
+                .ws_inv = false,
+            },
+        },
+    };
+
+    esp_err_t err = i2s_new_channel(&channel_config, &s_tx_channel, NULL);
+    if (err == ESP_OK) {
+        err = i2s_channel_init_std_mode(s_tx_channel, &standard_config);
+    }
+
+    if (err != ESP_OK) {
+        if (s_tx_channel != NULL) {
+            (void)i2s_del_channel(s_tx_channel);
+            s_tx_channel = NULL;
+        }
+        taskENTER_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+        s_initializing = false;
+        taskEXIT_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "NS4168 I2S initialisation failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    const BaseType_t task_created = xTaskCreate(audio_task,
+                                                "proximity_audio",
+                                                AUDIO_TASK_STACK_BYTES,
+                                                NULL,
+                                                tskIDLE_PRIORITY + 4,
+                                                NULL);
+    if (task_created != pdPASS) {
+        (void)i2s_del_channel(s_tx_channel);
+        s_tx_channel = NULL;
+        taskENTER_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+        s_initializing = false;
+        taskEXIT_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+        return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
+    }
+
+    taskENTER_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+    s_initialized = true;
+    s_initializing = false;
+    taskEXIT_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "NS4168 ready: 16 kHz, stereo, BCLK=%d LRCLK=%d DOUT=%d",
+             AUDIO_PIN_BCLK, AUDIO_PIN_LRCLK, AUDIO_PIN_DOUT);
+    return ESP_OK;
+}
+
+void audio_service_set_enabled(bool enabled)
+{
+    TaskHandle_t task;
+
+    taskENTER_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+    s_enabled = enabled;
+    task = s_audio_task;
+    taskEXIT_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+
+    notify_audio_task(task);
+}
+
+bool audio_service_is_enabled(void)
+{
+    bool enabled;
+
+    taskENTER_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+    enabled = s_enabled;
+    taskEXIT_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+
+    return enabled;
+}
+
+void audio_service_set_nearest_distance(float distance_m)
+{
+    if (!isfinite(distance_m) || distance_m <= 0.0f) {
+        audio_service_clear_target();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (distance_m < DISTANCE_MIN_M) {
+        distance_m = DISTANCE_MIN_M;
+    } else if (distance_m > DISTANCE_MAX_M) {
+        distance_m = DISTANCE_MAX_M;
+    }
+
+    TaskHandle_t task;
+    taskENTER_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+    s_nearest_distance_m = distance_m;
+    s_has_target = true;
+    task = s_audio_task;
+    taskEXIT_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+
+    notify_audio_task(task);
+}
+
+void audio_service_clear_target(void)
+{
+    TaskHandle_t task;
+
+    taskENTER_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+    s_has_target = false;
+    s_nearest_distance_m = 0.0f;
+    task = s_audio_task;
+    taskEXIT_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+
+    notify_audio_task(task);
+}
+
+bool audio_service_has_target(void)
+{
+    bool has_target;
+
+    taskENTER_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+    has_target = s_has_target;
+    taskEXIT_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+
+    return has_target;
+}
+
+bool audio_service_get_nearest_distance(float *distance_m)
+{
+    bool has_target;
+    float distance;
+
+    taskENTER_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+    has_target = s_has_target;
+    distance = s_nearest_distance_m;
+    taskEXIT_CRITICAL(&s_state_lock);
+
+    if (has_target && distance_m != NULL) {
+        *distance_m = distance;
+    }
+    return has_target;
+}
--- a/main/audio_service.h
+++ b/main/audio_service.h
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "esp_err.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * @brief Initialise the CrowPanel V3 NS4168 proximity-ping output.
+ *
+ * The service owns I2S0 and GPIOs 42 (BCLK), 18 (LRCLK), and 17 (DOUT).
+ * It starts a small worker task; no audio is emitted until a target distance is
+ * supplied. Calling this function more than once after a successful start is
+ * harmless.
+ */
+esp_err_t audio_service_init(void);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Enable or mute proximity pings.
+ *
+ * This call only updates service state and wakes the audio worker. It never
+ * waits for I2S/DMA and is safe to call from normal application tasks.
+ */
+void audio_service_set_enabled(bool enabled);
+
+/** @return The current user-visible enabled/muted setting. */
+bool audio_service_is_enabled(void);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Publish the current nearest target distance in metres.
+ *
+ * Finite positive values are clamped to the supported 0.3--8.0 m audio range.
+ * Passing a non-finite or non-positive value has the same effect as
+ * audio_service_clear_target(). This call never waits for I2S/DMA.
+ */
+void audio_service_set_nearest_distance(float distance_m);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Indicate that the radar currently has no target.
+ *
+ * Any active ping is silenced by the audio worker at its next small DMA chunk.
+ */
+void audio_service_clear_target(void);
+
+/** @return true if a valid nearest-target distance is currently published. */
+bool audio_service_has_target(void);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Read the published nearest-target distance.
+ *
+ * @param[out] distance_m Receives the clamped distance when non-NULL.
+ * @return true when a target is present, false otherwise.
+ */
+bool audio_service_get_nearest_distance(float *distance_m);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
--- a/main/board.c
+++ b/main/board.c
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+#include "board.h"
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "driver/i2c.h"
+#include "driver/ledc.h"
+#include "esp_check.h"
+#include "esp_heap_caps.h"
+#include "esp_lcd_panel_ops.h"
+#include "esp_lcd_panel_rgb.h"
+#include "esp_log.h"
+#include "esp_timer.h"
+#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
+#include "freertos/task.h"
+#include "lvgl.h"
+
+#include "radick_config.h"
+
+#define BOARD_I2C_PORT          I2C_NUM_0
+#define BOARD_I2C_FREQ_HZ       400000
+#define BOARD_I2C_TIMEOUT_MS    30
+#define GT911_READ_TIMEOUT_MS   5
+#define GT911_REG_PRODUCT_ID    0x8140
+#define GT911_REG_POINT_STATUS  0x814E
+#define GT911_REG_FIRST_POINT   0x814F
+#define LVGL_DRAW_LINES         48
+#define LVGL_TICK_MS            2
+
+static const char *TAG = "board";
+
+static esp_lcd_panel_handle_t s_panel;
+static lv_disp_draw_buf_t s_draw_buf;
+static lv_disp_drv_t s_display_driver;
+static lv_indev_drv_t s_input_driver;
+static lv_color_t *s_buffer_a;
+static lv_color_t *s_buffer_b;
+static esp_timer_handle_t s_lvgl_tick_timer;
+
+static bool s_touch_available;
+static uint8_t s_touch_address;
+static bool s_touch_pressed;
+static uint16_t s_touch_x;
+static uint16_t s_touch_y;
+static int64_t s_touch_sample_us;
+static volatile uint32_t s_last_touch_ms;
+static uint8_t s_brightness;
+
+static esp_err_t i2c_write(uint8_t address, const uint8_t *data, size_t length)
+{
+    return i2c_master_write_to_device(BOARD_I2C_PORT, address, data, length,
+                                      pdMS_TO_TICKS(BOARD_I2C_TIMEOUT_MS));
+}
+
+static esp_err_t pca9557_write(uint8_t reg, uint8_t value)
+{
+    const uint8_t payload[2] = {reg, value};
+    return i2c_write(RADICK_PCA9557_ADDRESS, payload, sizeof(payload));
+}
+
+static esp_err_t gt911_read(uint8_t address, uint16_t reg, uint8_t *data, size_t length)
+{
+    const uint8_t command[2] = {(uint8_t)(reg >> 8), (uint8_t)reg};
+    return i2c_master_write_read_device(BOARD_I2C_PORT, address,
+                                        command, sizeof(command), data, length,
+                                        pdMS_TO_TICKS(GT911_READ_TIMEOUT_MS));
+}
+
+static esp_err_t gt911_write_byte(uint8_t address, uint16_t reg, uint8_t value)
+{
+    const uint8_t payload[3] = {(uint8_t)(reg >> 8), (uint8_t)reg, value};
+    return i2c_write(address, payload, sizeof(payload));
+}
+
+static esp_err_t init_i2c(void)
+{
+    const i2c_config_t config = {
+        .mode = I2C_MODE_MASTER,
+        .sda_io_num = RADICK_TOUCH_SDA_GPIO,
+        .scl_io_num = RADICK_TOUCH_SCL_GPIO,
+        .sda_pullup_en = GPIO_PULLUP_DISABLE,
+        .scl_pullup_en = GPIO_PULLUP_DISABLE,
+        .master.clk_speed = BOARD_I2C_FREQ_HZ,
+        .clk_flags = 0,
+    };
+
+    ESP_RETURN_ON_ERROR(i2c_param_config(BOARD_I2C_PORT, &config), TAG,
+                        "I2C configuration failed");
+    return i2c_driver_install(BOARD_I2C_PORT, config.mode, 0, 0, 0);
+}
+
+static esp_err_t reset_v3_touch(void)
+{
+    // Vendor-required V3 sequence. IO0 is GT911 RESET and IO1 is INT.
+    ESP_RETURN_ON_ERROR(pca9557_write(0x02, 0x00), TAG,
+                        "PCA9557 polarity reset failed");
+    ESP_RETURN_ON_ERROR(pca9557_write(0x01, 0xFC), TAG,
+                        "PCA9557 output setup failed");
+    ESP_RETURN_ON_ERROR(pca9557_write(0x03, 0xFC), TAG,
+                        "PCA9557 pin setup failed");
+    vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(20));
+
+    ESP_RETURN_ON_ERROR(pca9557_write(0x01, 0xFD), TAG,
+                        "GT911 reset release failed");
+    vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(100));
+
+    // Leave RESET driven high and release INT to an input.
+    return pca9557_write(0x03, 0xFE);
+}
+
+static bool find_gt911(void)
+{
+    const uint8_t addresses[] = {RADICK_GT911_ADDRESS, RADICK_GT911_ALT_ADDRESS};
+    uint8_t product_id[4];
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(addresses); ++i) {
+        if (gt911_read(addresses[i], GT911_REG_PRODUCT_ID,
+                       product_id, sizeof(product_id)) == ESP_OK) {
+            s_touch_address = addresses[i];
+            ESP_LOGI(TAG, "GT911 at 0x%02x, product %.4s", s_touch_address,
+                     (const char *)product_id);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+static bool poll_touch(uint16_t *x, uint16_t *y)
+{
+    if (!s_touch_available) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t status = 0;
+    const int64_t now_us = esp_timer_get_time();
+    if (gt911_read(s_touch_address, GT911_REG_POINT_STATUS, &status, 1) != ESP_OK) {
+        if ((now_us - s_touch_sample_us) > 100000) {
+            s_touch_pressed = false;
+        }
+        return s_touch_pressed;
+    }
+
+    if ((status & 0x80U) != 0U) {
+        const uint8_t count = status & 0x0FU;
+        if (count > 0U && count <= 5U) {
+            uint8_t point[8];
+            if (gt911_read(s_touch_address, GT911_REG_FIRST_POINT,
+                           point, sizeof(point)) == ESP_OK) {
+                // The vendor's ROTATION_NORMAL + map() path ultimately yields
+                // these native landscape coordinates unchanged.
+                s_touch_x = (uint16_t)point[1] | ((uint16_t)point[2] << 8);
+                s_touch_y = (uint16_t)point[3] | ((uint16_t)point[4] << 8);
+                if (s_touch_x >= RADICK_LCD_H_RES) {
+                    s_touch_x = RADICK_LCD_H_RES - 1;
+                }
+                if (s_touch_y >= RADICK_LCD_V_RES) {
+                    s_touch_y = RADICK_LCD_V_RES - 1;
+                }
+                s_touch_pressed = true;
+                s_touch_sample_us = now_us;
+                s_last_touch_ms = (uint32_t)(now_us / 1000);
+            }
+        } else {
+            s_touch_pressed = false;
+            s_touch_sample_us = now_us;
+        }
+        (void)gt911_write_byte(s_touch_address, GT911_REG_POINT_STATUS, 0);
+    } else if ((now_us - s_touch_sample_us) > 100000) {
+        s_touch_pressed = false;
+    }
+
+    *x = s_touch_x;
+    *y = s_touch_y;
+    return s_touch_pressed;
+}
+
+static void lvgl_touch_read(lv_indev_drv_t *driver, lv_indev_data_t *data)
+{
+    (void)driver;
+    uint16_t x = 0;
+    uint16_t y = 0;
+    const bool pressed = poll_touch(&x, &y);
+    data->state = pressed ? LV_INDEV_STATE_PR : LV_INDEV_STATE_REL;
+    if (pressed) {
+        data->point.x = x;
+        data->point.y = y;
+    }
+}
+
+static void lvgl_flush(lv_disp_drv_t *driver, const lv_area_t *area,
+                       lv_color_t *pixels)
+{
+    (void)driver;
+    const esp_err_t err = esp_lcd_panel_draw_bitmap(s_panel,
+                                                    area->x1, area->y1,
+                                                    area->x2 + 1, area->y2 + 1,
+                                                    pixels);
+    if (err != ESP_OK) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "LCD flush failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+    }
+    lv_disp_flush_ready(driver);
+}
+
+static void lvgl_tick(void *context)
+{
+    (void)context;
+    lv_tick_inc(LVGL_TICK_MS);
+}
+
+static esp_err_t init_backlight(void)
+{
+    const ledc_timer_config_t timer = {
+        .speed_mode = LEDC_LOW_SPEED_MODE,
+        .duty_resolution = LEDC_TIMER_10_BIT,
+        .timer_num = LEDC_TIMER_0,
+        .freq_hz = 5000,
+        .clk_cfg = LEDC_AUTO_CLK,
+    };
+    const ledc_channel_config_t channel = {
+        .gpio_num = RADICK_LCD_BACKLIGHT_GPIO,
+        .speed_mode = LEDC_LOW_SPEED_MODE,
+        .channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0,
+        .intr_type = LEDC_INTR_DISABLE,
+        .timer_sel = LEDC_TIMER_0,
+        .duty = 0,
+        .hpoint = 0,
+    };
+
+    ESP_RETURN_ON_ERROR(ledc_timer_config(&timer), TAG,
+                        "backlight timer init failed");
+    return ledc_channel_config(&channel);
+}
+
+static esp_err_t init_rgb_panel(void)
+{
+    const esp_lcd_rgb_panel_config_t panel_config = {
+        .clk_src = LCD_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT,
+        .timings = {
+            .pclk_hz = 15000000,
+            .h_res = RADICK_LCD_H_RES,
+            .v_res = RADICK_LCD_V_RES,
+            .hsync_pulse_width = 48,
+            .hsync_back_porch = 40,
+            .hsync_front_porch = 40,
+            .vsync_pulse_width = 31,
+            .vsync_back_porch = 13,
+            .vsync_front_porch = 1,
+            .flags = {
+                .pclk_active_neg = true,
+            },
+        },
+        .data_width = 16,
+        .bits_per_pixel = 16,
+        .num_fbs = 1,
+        .bounce_buffer_size_px = RADICK_LCD_H_RES * 10,
+        .dma_burst_size = 64,
+        .hsync_gpio_num = RADICK_LCD_HSYNC_GPIO,
+        .vsync_gpio_num = RADICK_LCD_VSYNC_GPIO,
+        .de_gpio_num = RADICK_LCD_DE_GPIO,
+        .pclk_gpio_num = RADICK_LCD_PCLK_GPIO,
+        .disp_gpio_num = GPIO_NUM_NC,
+        .data_gpio_nums = {
+            GPIO_NUM_15, GPIO_NUM_7, GPIO_NUM_6, GPIO_NUM_5, GPIO_NUM_4,
+            GPIO_NUM_9, GPIO_NUM_46, GPIO_NUM_3, GPIO_NUM_8, GPIO_NUM_16,
+            GPIO_NUM_1, GPIO_NUM_14, GPIO_NUM_21, GPIO_NUM_47, GPIO_NUM_48,
+            GPIO_NUM_45,
+        },
+        .flags = {
+            .fb_in_psram = true,
+        },
+    };
+
+    ESP_RETURN_ON_ERROR(esp_lcd_new_rgb_panel(&panel_config, &s_panel), TAG,
+                        "RGB panel allocation failed");
+    ESP_RETURN_ON_ERROR(esp_lcd_panel_reset(s_panel), TAG,
+                        "RGB panel reset failed");
+    return esp_lcd_panel_init(s_panel);
+}
+
+static esp_err_t init_lvgl(void)
+{
+    lv_init();
+
+    const size_t pixels = RADICK_LCD_H_RES * LVGL_DRAW_LINES;
+    const size_t bytes = pixels * sizeof(lv_color_t);
+    s_buffer_a = heap_caps_malloc(bytes, MALLOC_CAP_SPIRAM | MALLOC_CAP_8BIT);
+    s_buffer_b = heap_caps_malloc(bytes, MALLOC_CAP_SPIRAM | MALLOC_CAP_8BIT);
+    if (s_buffer_a == NULL || s_buffer_b == NULL) {
+        return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
+    }
+
+    lv_disp_draw_buf_init(&s_draw_buf, s_buffer_a, s_buffer_b, pixels);
+    lv_disp_drv_init(&s_display_driver);
+    s_display_driver.hor_res = RADICK_LCD_H_RES;
+    s_display_driver.ver_res = RADICK_LCD_V_RES;
+    s_display_driver.flush_cb = lvgl_flush;
+    s_display_driver.draw_buf = &s_draw_buf;
+    lv_disp_drv_register(&s_display_driver);
+
+    lv_indev_drv_init(&s_input_driver);
+    s_input_driver.type = LV_INDEV_TYPE_POINTER;
+    s_input_driver.read_cb = lvgl_touch_read;
+    lv_indev_drv_register(&s_input_driver);
+
+    const esp_timer_create_args_t timer_args = {
+        .callback = lvgl_tick,
+        .name = "lvgl_tick",
+    };
+    ESP_RETURN_ON_ERROR(esp_timer_create(&timer_args, &s_lvgl_tick_timer), TAG,
+                        "LVGL tick timer create failed");
+    return esp_timer_start_periodic(s_lvgl_tick_timer, LVGL_TICK_MS * 1000);
+}
+
+esp_err_t board_init(void)
+{
+    ESP_RETURN_ON_ERROR(init_backlight(), TAG, "backlight init failed");
+    ESP_RETURN_ON_ERROR(init_i2c(), TAG, "touch I2C init failed");
+
+    const esp_err_t reset_result = reset_v3_touch();
+    if (reset_result == ESP_OK) {
+        s_touch_available = find_gt911();
+    } else {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "V3 touch reset failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(reset_result));
+    }
+    if (!s_touch_available) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "GT911 not found; display will remain usable without touch");
+    }
+
+    ESP_RETURN_ON_ERROR(init_rgb_panel(), TAG, "LCD init failed");
+    ESP_RETURN_ON_ERROR(init_lvgl(), TAG, "LVGL init failed");
+    return ESP_OK;
+}
+
+void board_set_brightness(uint8_t percent)
+{
+    if (percent > 100U) {
+        percent = 100U;
+    }
+    const uint32_t max_duty = (1U << LEDC_TIMER_10_BIT) - 1U;
+    const uint32_t duty = (max_duty * percent) / 100U;
+    if (ledc_set_duty(LEDC_LOW_SPEED_MODE, LEDC_CHANNEL_0, duty) == ESP_OK) {
+        (void)ledc_update_duty(LEDC_LOW_SPEED_MODE, LEDC_CHANNEL_0);
+        s_brightness = percent;
+    }
+}
+
+uint8_t board_get_brightness(void)
+{
+    return s_brightness;
+}
+
+bool board_touch_available(void)
+{
+    return s_touch_available;
+}
+
+uint32_t board_last_touch_ms(void)
+{
+    return s_last_touch_ms;
+}
--- a/main/board.h
+++ b/main/board.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "esp_err.h"
+
+// Initializes the CrowPanel V3 RGB panel, backlight, I2C touch reset sequence,
+// GT911 polling, and LVGL display/input drivers.
+esp_err_t board_init(void);
+
+void board_set_brightness(uint8_t percent);
+uint8_t board_get_brightness(void);
+
+bool board_touch_available(void);
+uint32_t board_last_touch_ms(void);
--- a/main/idf_component.yml
+++ b/main/idf_component.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+dependencies:
+  idf: ">=5.3,<5.4"
+  lvgl/lvgl:
+    version: "8.3.11"
+    public: true
--- a/main/radar_protocol.c
+++ b/main/radar_protocol.c
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+#include "radar_protocol.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+const uint8_t rd03d_frame_header[RD03D_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE] = {
+    0xAAU, 0xFFU, 0x03U, 0x00U,
+};
+
+const uint8_t rd03d_frame_tail[RD03D_FRAME_TAIL_SIZE] = {
+    0x55U, 0xCCU,
+};
+
+const uint8_t rd03d_cmd_enable[RD03D_CMD_ENABLE_SIZE] = {
+    0xFDU, 0xFCU, 0xFBU, 0xFAU, 0x04U, 0x00U, 0xFFU,
+    0x00U, 0x01U, 0x00U, 0x04U, 0x03U, 0x02U, 0x01U,
+};
+
+const uint8_t rd03d_cmd_multi[RD03D_CMD_MULTI_SIZE] = {
+    0xFDU, 0xFCU, 0xFBU, 0xFAU, 0x02U, 0x00U,
+    0x90U, 0x00U, 0x04U, 0x03U, 0x02U, 0x01U,
+};
+
+const uint8_t rd03d_cmd_end[RD03D_CMD_END_SIZE] = {
+    0xFDU, 0xFCU, 0xFBU, 0xFAU, 0x02U, 0x00U,
+    0xFEU, 0x00U, 0x04U, 0x03U, 0x02U, 0x01U,
+};
+
+static uint16_t decode_u16_le(const uint8_t *bytes)
+{
+    return (uint16_t)((uint16_t)bytes[0] |
+                      (uint16_t)((uint16_t)bytes[1] << 8U));
+}
+
+int16_t rd03d_decode_sign_magnitude(uint8_t low, uint8_t high)
+{
+    const uint16_t raw = (uint16_t)((uint16_t)low |
+                                    (uint16_t)((uint16_t)high << 8U));
+    const int16_t magnitude = (int16_t)(raw & UINT16_C(0x7FFF));
+
+    return (raw & UINT16_C(0x8000)) != 0U ? magnitude : (int16_t)-magnitude;
+}
+
+bool rd03d_decode_frame(const uint8_t frame[RD03D_FRAME_SIZE], rd03d_frame_t *out)
+{
+    size_t target_index;
+
+    if (frame == NULL || out == NULL) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (memcmp(frame, rd03d_frame_header, RD03D_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE) != 0 ||
+        memcmp(frame + RD03D_FRAME_SIZE - RD03D_FRAME_TAIL_SIZE,
+               rd03d_frame_tail,
+               RD03D_FRAME_TAIL_SIZE) != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    memset(out, 0, sizeof(*out));
+    for (target_index = 0U; target_index < RD03D_MAX_TARGETS; ++target_index) {
+        const uint8_t *payload = frame + RD03D_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE +
+                                 target_index * RD03D_TARGET_DATA_SIZE;
+        rd03d_target_t *target = &out->targets[target_index];
+        uint8_t combined = 0U;
+        size_t byte_index;
+
+        for (byte_index = 0U; byte_index < RD03D_TARGET_DATA_SIZE; ++byte_index) {
+            combined |= payload[byte_index];
+        }
+        if (combined == 0U) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        target->x_mm = rd03d_decode_sign_magnitude(payload[0], payload[1]);
+        target->y_mm = rd03d_decode_sign_magnitude(payload[2], payload[3]);
+        target->speed_cm_s = rd03d_decode_sign_magnitude(payload[4], payload[5]);
+        target->resolution_mm = decode_u16_le(payload + 6U);
+        target->valid = true;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void rd03d_parser_init(rd03d_parser_t *parser)
+{
+    if (parser != NULL) {
+        memset(parser, 0, sizeof(*parser));
+    }
+}
+
+static void parser_seek_header(rd03d_parser_t *parser, uint8_t byte)
+{
+    if (byte == rd03d_frame_header[parser->header_matched]) {
+        ++parser->header_matched;
+        if (parser->header_matched == RD03D_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE) {
+            memcpy(parser->buffer, rd03d_frame_header, RD03D_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE);
+            parser->buffered = RD03D_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE;
+            parser->header_matched = 0U;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* The header has only one non-empty proper prefix/suffix: a single AA. */
+    parser->header_matched = byte == rd03d_frame_header[0] ? 1U : 0U;
+}
+
+static void parser_resynchronise(rd03d_parser_t *parser)
+{
+    size_t offset;
+    size_t suffix_length;
+
+    /* Prefer a complete header already present inside the rejected window. */
+    for (offset = 1U;
+         offset + RD03D_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE <= RD03D_FRAME_SIZE;
+         ++offset) {
+        if (memcmp(parser->buffer + offset,
+                   rd03d_frame_header,
+                   RD03D_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE) == 0) {
+            parser->buffered = RD03D_FRAME_SIZE - offset;
+            memmove(parser->buffer, parser->buffer + offset, parser->buffered);
+            parser->header_matched = 0U;
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Otherwise preserve a partial header at the end for a split next frame. */
+    parser->buffered = 0U;
+    parser->header_matched = 0U;
+    for (suffix_length = RD03D_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE - 1U;
+         suffix_length > 0U;
+         --suffix_length) {
+        if (memcmp(parser->buffer + RD03D_FRAME_SIZE - suffix_length,
+                   rd03d_frame_header,
+                   suffix_length) == 0) {
+            parser->header_matched = suffix_length;
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool rd03d_parser_push(rd03d_parser_t *parser, uint8_t byte, rd03d_frame_t *out)
+{
+    rd03d_frame_t decoded;
+
+    if (parser == NULL) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    ++parser->bytes_received;
+    if (parser->buffered == 0U) {
+        parser_seek_header(parser, byte);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    parser->buffer[parser->buffered++] = byte;
+    if (parser->buffered < RD03D_FRAME_SIZE) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (rd03d_decode_frame(parser->buffer, &decoded)) {
+        parser->buffered = 0U;
+        parser->header_matched = 0U;
+        ++parser->frames_decoded;
+        if (out != NULL) {
+            *out = decoded;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    ++parser->malformed_frames;
+    parser_resynchronise(parser);
+    return false;
+}
+
+size_t rd03d_parser_feed(rd03d_parser_t *parser,
+                         const uint8_t *data,
+                         size_t length,
+                         rd03d_frame_callback_t callback,
+                         void *context)
+{
+    size_t index;
+    size_t decoded_count = 0U;
+
+    if (parser == NULL || (data == NULL && length != 0U)) {
+        return 0U;
+    }
+
+    for (index = 0U; index < length; ++index) {
+        rd03d_frame_t frame;
+
+        if (rd03d_parser_push(parser, data[index], &frame)) {
+            ++decoded_count;
+            if (callback != NULL) {
+                callback(&frame, context);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return decoded_count;
+}
--- a/main/radar_protocol.h
+++ b/main/radar_protocol.h
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#ifndef RADICK_RADAR_PROTOCOL_H
+#define RADICK_RADAR_PROTOCOL_H
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* RD-03D V1 multi-target UART protocol constants. */
+#define RD03D_UART_BAUD_RATE       256000U
+#define RD03D_MAX_TARGETS          3U
+#define RD03D_TARGET_DATA_SIZE     8U
+#define RD03D_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE    4U
+#define RD03D_FRAME_TAIL_SIZE      2U
+#define RD03D_FRAME_SIZE           30U
+
+#define RD03D_CMD_ENABLE_SIZE      14U
+#define RD03D_CMD_MULTI_SIZE       12U
+#define RD03D_CMD_END_SIZE         12U
+
+extern const uint8_t rd03d_frame_header[RD03D_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE];
+extern const uint8_t rd03d_frame_tail[RD03D_FRAME_TAIL_SIZE];
+extern const uint8_t rd03d_cmd_enable[RD03D_CMD_ENABLE_SIZE];
+extern const uint8_t rd03d_cmd_multi[RD03D_CMD_MULTI_SIZE];
+extern const uint8_t rd03d_cmd_end[RD03D_CMD_END_SIZE];
+
+typedef struct {
+    int16_t x_mm;
+    int16_t y_mm;
+    int16_t speed_cm_s;
+    uint16_t resolution_mm;
+    bool valid;
+} rd03d_target_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    rd03d_target_t targets[RD03D_MAX_TARGETS];
+} rd03d_frame_t;
+
+/*
+ * The parser owns no dynamic memory and is safe to place in static storage or
+ * on a task stack. Its fields are public so the same header works in ESP-IDF
+ * and small host-side tests without an allocator or opaque platform handle.
+ */
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t buffer[RD03D_FRAME_SIZE];
+    size_t buffered;
+    size_t header_matched;
+    uint64_t bytes_received;
+    uint32_t frames_decoded;
+    uint32_t malformed_frames;
+} rd03d_parser_t;
+
+typedef void (*rd03d_frame_callback_t)(const rd03d_frame_t *frame, void *context);
+
+/* Decode the RD-03D's unusual sign/magnitude value (bit 15 means positive). */
+int16_t rd03d_decode_sign_magnitude(uint8_t low, uint8_t high);
+
+/* Decode one complete frame. Returns false unless both header and tail match. */
+bool rd03d_decode_frame(const uint8_t frame[RD03D_FRAME_SIZE], rd03d_frame_t *out);
+
+void rd03d_parser_init(rd03d_parser_t *parser);
+
+/*
+ * Feed one byte. A complete decoded frame is copied to out (when non-NULL),
+ * and true is returned. Noise and malformed frames are consumed internally.
+ */
+bool rd03d_parser_push(rd03d_parser_t *parser, uint8_t byte, rd03d_frame_t *out);
+
+/*
+ * Feed an arbitrary UART chunk. The callback is invoked once per frame when
+ * non-NULL; the return value always reports the number of decoded frames.
+ */
+size_t rd03d_parser_feed(rd03d_parser_t *parser,
+                         const uint8_t *data,
+                         size_t length,
+                         rd03d_frame_callback_t callback,
+                         void *context);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* RADICK_RADAR_PROTOCOL_H */
--- a/main/radar_service.c
+++ b/main/radar_service.c
@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+#include "radar_service.h"
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "driver/uart.h"
+#include "esp_log.h"
+#include "esp_timer.h"
+#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
+#include "freertos/task.h"
+
+#include "radar_protocol.h"
+#include "radick_config.h"
+#include "target_tracker.h"
+
+#define RADAR_RX_BUFFER_BYTES       4096
+#define RADAR_TX_BUFFER_BYTES       256
+#define RADAR_READ_CHUNK_BYTES      256
+#define RADAR_TASK_STACK_BYTES      4096
+#define RADAR_TASK_PRIORITY         (tskIDLE_PRIORITY + 5)
+#define RADAR_BOOT_DELAY_MS         250U
+#define RADAR_COMMAND_RETRY_MS      5000U
+#define RADAR_COMMAND_MAX_ATTEMPTS  3U
+#define RADAR_MIN_DISTANCE_MM       100.0F
+#define RADAR_MAX_DISTANCE_MM       8000.0F
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t id;
+    uint64_t last_seen_ms;
+    bool active;
+} track_seen_t;
+
+static const char *TAG = "radar";
+static portMUX_TYPE s_snapshot_lock = portMUX_INITIALIZER_UNLOCKED;
+static rd03d_parser_t s_parser;
+static target_tracker_t s_tracker;
+static radar_snapshot_t s_published;
+static track_seen_t s_seen[RADAR_SERVICE_MAX_TARGETS];
+static uint64_t s_last_frame_ms;
+static bool s_has_frame;
+static bool s_started;
+
+static uint64_t now_ms(void)
+{
+    return (uint64_t)esp_timer_get_time() / 1000U;
+}
+
+static uint32_t elapsed_ms_saturated(uint64_t now, uint64_t then)
+{
+    if (now <= then) {
+        return 0U;
+    }
+    const uint64_t elapsed = now - then;
+    return elapsed > UINT32_MAX ? UINT32_MAX : (uint32_t)elapsed;
+}
+
+static track_seen_t *find_seen(uint32_t id)
+{
+    track_seen_t *empty = NULL;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < RADAR_SERVICE_MAX_TARGETS; ++i) {
+        if (s_seen[i].active && s_seen[i].id == id) {
+            return &s_seen[i];
+        }
+        if (!s_seen[i].active && empty == NULL) {
+            empty = &s_seen[i];
+        }
+    }
+    return empty;
+}
+
+static bool plausible_detection(const rd03d_target_t *target)
+{
+    if (!target->valid || target->y_mm <= 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const float x = (float)target->x_mm;
+    const float y = (float)target->y_mm;
+    const float distance_squared = x * x + y * y;
+    return distance_squared >=
+               (RADAR_MIN_DISTANCE_MM * RADAR_MIN_DISTANCE_MM) &&
+           distance_squared <=
+               (RADAR_MAX_DISTANCE_MM * RADAR_MAX_DISTANCE_MM);
+}
+
+static void publish_frame(const rd03d_frame_t *input, void *context)
+{
+    (void)context;
+    rd03d_frame_t frame = *input;
+    target_snapshot_t tracked[RADAR_SERVICE_MAX_TARGETS];
+    radar_snapshot_t next = {0};
+    const uint64_t timestamp_ms = now_ms();
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < RD03D_MAX_TARGETS; ++i) {
+        if (!plausible_detection(&frame.targets[i])) {
+            memset(&frame.targets[i], 0, sizeof(frame.targets[i]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    target_tracker_update_frame(&s_tracker, &frame);
+    const size_t tracked_count = target_tracker_snapshot(
+        &s_tracker, tracked, RADAR_SERVICE_MAX_TARGETS);
+
+    /* Release disappeared IDs before allocating a slot to a new track. */
+    for (size_t seen_index = 0;
+         seen_index < RADAR_SERVICE_MAX_TARGETS;
+         ++seen_index) {
+        if (!s_seen[seen_index].active) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        bool retained = false;
+        for (size_t track_index = 0; track_index < tracked_count; ++track_index) {
+            if (tracked[track_index].id == s_seen[seen_index].id) {
+                retained = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!retained) {
+            memset(&s_seen[seen_index], 0, sizeof(s_seen[seen_index]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    next.sensor_online = true;
+    next.frame_count = s_parser.frames_decoded;
+    next.invalid_frame_count = s_parser.malformed_frames;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < tracked_count && i < RADAR_SERVICE_MAX_TARGETS; ++i) {
+        track_seen_t *seen = find_seen(tracked[i].id);
+        if (seen == NULL) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (!seen->active) {
+            seen->active = true;
+            seen->id = tracked[i].id;
+            seen->last_seen_ms = timestamp_ms;
+        }
+        if (tracked[i].observed_this_frame) {
+            seen->last_seen_ms = timestamp_ms;
+        }
+
+        const uint32_t age_ms = elapsed_ms_saturated(timestamp_ms,
+                                                     seen->last_seen_ms);
+        if (!tracked[i].visible || age_ms > RADICK_TARGET_EXPIRE_MS) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        radar_target_view_t *view = &next.targets[next.target_count++];
+        view->valid = true;
+        view->id = tracked[i].id;
+        view->x_mm = tracked[i].x_mm;
+        view->y_mm = tracked[i].y_mm;
+        view->speed_cm_s = tracked[i].speed_cm_s;
+        view->resolution_mm = tracked[i].resolution_mm;
+        view->age_ms = age_ms;
+    }
+
+    taskENTER_CRITICAL(&s_snapshot_lock);
+    s_published = next;
+    s_last_frame_ms = timestamp_ms;
+    s_has_frame = true;
+    taskEXIT_CRITICAL(&s_snapshot_lock);
+}
+
+static void send_multi_target_command(void)
+{
+    const int written = uart_write_bytes(RADICK_RADAR_UART_NUM,
+                                         rd03d_cmd_multi,
+                                         RD03D_CMD_MULTI_SIZE);
+    if (written != (int)RD03D_CMD_MULTI_SIZE) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "multi-target command short write: %d/%u",
+                 written, (unsigned)RD03D_CMD_MULTI_SIZE);
+    }
+}
+
+static void radar_task(void *context)
+{
+    (void)context;
+    uint8_t bytes[RADAR_READ_CHUNK_BYTES];
+    unsigned int command_attempts = 0U;
+    uint32_t observed_frame_count = 0U;
+    uint64_t last_frame_activity_ms = 0U;
+    bool ever_received_frame = false;
+    bool outage_latched = false;
+
+    vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(RADAR_BOOT_DELAY_MS));
+    (void)uart_flush_input(RADICK_RADAR_UART_NUM);
+    send_multi_target_command();
+    ++command_attempts;
+    uint64_t next_retry_ms = now_ms() + RADAR_COMMAND_RETRY_MS;
+
+    for (;;) {
+        const int count = uart_read_bytes(RADICK_RADAR_UART_NUM,
+                                          bytes,
+                                          sizeof(bytes),
+                                          pdMS_TO_TICKS(20));
+        if (count > 0) {
+            (void)rd03d_parser_feed(&s_parser, bytes, (size_t)count,
+                                    publish_frame, NULL);
+
+            taskENTER_CRITICAL(&s_snapshot_lock);
+            s_published.invalid_frame_count = s_parser.malformed_frames;
+            taskEXIT_CRITICAL(&s_snapshot_lock);
+        }
+
+        const uint64_t timestamp_ms = now_ms();
+        if (s_parser.frames_decoded != observed_frame_count) {
+            observed_frame_count = s_parser.frames_decoded;
+            last_frame_activity_ms = timestamp_ms;
+            if (ever_received_frame && outage_latched) {
+                /* A power-cycled module returns to its default target mode. */
+                command_attempts = 0U;
+                next_retry_ms = timestamp_ms;
+            }
+            ever_received_frame = true;
+            outage_latched = false;
+        } else if (ever_received_frame && !outage_latched &&
+                   timestamp_ms - last_frame_activity_ms >
+                       RADICK_SENSOR_OFFLINE_MS) {
+            outage_latched = true;
+        }
+
+        /* 0x90 is idempotent; bounded repeats also cover a default single-target stream. */
+        if (command_attempts < RADAR_COMMAND_MAX_ATTEMPTS &&
+            timestamp_ms >= next_retry_ms) {
+            send_multi_target_command();
+            ++command_attempts;
+            next_retry_ms = timestamp_ms + RADAR_COMMAND_RETRY_MS;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+esp_err_t radar_service_init(void)
+{
+    if (s_started) {
+        return ESP_OK;
+    }
+
+    const uart_config_t config = {
+        .baud_rate = RADICK_RADAR_BAUD_RATE,
+        .data_bits = UART_DATA_8_BITS,
+        .parity = UART_PARITY_DISABLE,
+        .stop_bits = UART_STOP_BITS_1,
+        .flow_ctrl = UART_HW_FLOWCTRL_DISABLE,
+        .rx_flow_ctrl_thresh = 0,
+        .source_clk = UART_SCLK_DEFAULT,
+    };
+
+    esp_err_t err = uart_driver_install(RADICK_RADAR_UART_NUM,
+                                        RADAR_RX_BUFFER_BYTES,
+                                        RADAR_TX_BUFFER_BYTES,
+                                        0, NULL, 0);
+    if (err != ESP_OK) {
+        return err;
+    }
+    err = uart_param_config(RADICK_RADAR_UART_NUM, &config);
+    if (err == ESP_OK) {
+        err = uart_set_pin(RADICK_RADAR_UART_NUM,
+                           RADICK_RADAR_TX_GPIO,
+                           RADICK_RADAR_RX_GPIO,
+                           UART_PIN_NO_CHANGE,
+                           UART_PIN_NO_CHANGE);
+    }
+    if (err != ESP_OK) {
+        (void)uart_driver_delete(RADICK_RADAR_UART_NUM);
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    rd03d_parser_init(&s_parser);
+    target_tracker_init(&s_tracker, NULL);
+    memset(&s_published, 0, sizeof(s_published));
+    memset(s_seen, 0, sizeof(s_seen));
+
+    if (xTaskCreate(radar_task, "radar_uart", RADAR_TASK_STACK_BYTES,
+                    NULL, RADAR_TASK_PRIORITY, NULL) != pdPASS) {
+        (void)uart_driver_delete(RADICK_RADAR_UART_NUM);
+        return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
+    }
+
+    s_started = true;
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "RD-03D UART ready: RX GPIO%d, TX GPIO%d, %d baud",
+             RADICK_RADAR_RX_GPIO, RADICK_RADAR_TX_GPIO,
+             RADICK_RADAR_BAUD_RATE);
+    return ESP_OK;
+}
+
+void radar_service_get_snapshot(radar_snapshot_t *snapshot)
+{
+    if (snapshot == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t last_frame_ms;
+    bool has_frame;
+    taskENTER_CRITICAL(&s_snapshot_lock);
+    *snapshot = s_published;
+    last_frame_ms = s_last_frame_ms;
+    has_frame = s_has_frame;
+    taskEXIT_CRITICAL(&s_snapshot_lock);
+
+    if (!has_frame) {
+        snapshot->sensor_online = false;
+        snapshot->last_frame_age_ms = UINT32_MAX;
+        snapshot->target_count = 0U;
+        memset(snapshot->targets, 0, sizeof(snapshot->targets));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t since_frame_ms = elapsed_ms_saturated(now_ms(), last_frame_ms);
+    snapshot->last_frame_age_ms = since_frame_ms;
+    snapshot->sensor_online = since_frame_ms <= RADICK_SENSOR_OFFLINE_MS;
+
+    uint8_t retained = 0U;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < snapshot->target_count; ++i) {
+        radar_target_view_t target = snapshot->targets[i];
+        const uint64_t total_age = (uint64_t)target.age_ms + since_frame_ms;
+        if (!snapshot->sensor_online || total_age > RADICK_TARGET_EXPIRE_MS) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        target.age_ms = total_age > UINT32_MAX ? UINT32_MAX : (uint32_t)total_age;
+        snapshot->targets[retained++] = target;
+    }
+    for (size_t i = retained; i < RADAR_SERVICE_MAX_TARGETS; ++i) {
+        memset(&snapshot->targets[i], 0, sizeof(snapshot->targets[i]));
+    }
+    snapshot->target_count = retained;
+}
--- a/main/radar_service.h
+++ b/main/radar_service.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "esp_err.h"
+
+#define RADAR_SERVICE_MAX_TARGETS 3
+
+typedef struct {
+    bool valid;
+    uint32_t id;
+    float x_mm;
+    float y_mm;
+    float speed_cm_s;
+    uint16_t resolution_mm;
+    uint32_t age_ms;
+} radar_target_view_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    bool sensor_online;
+    uint8_t target_count;
+    uint32_t frame_count;
+    uint32_t invalid_frame_count;
+    uint32_t last_frame_age_ms;
+    radar_target_view_t targets[RADAR_SERVICE_MAX_TARGETS];
+} radar_snapshot_t;
+
+esp_err_t radar_service_init(void);
+void radar_service_get_snapshot(radar_snapshot_t *snapshot);
--- a/main/radick_config.h
+++ b/main/radick_config.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "driver/gpio.h"
+
+// This firmware intentionally targets the Basic CrowPanel V3.0. V1/V2 route
+// the touch interrupt through GPIO38 and are not pin-compatible with Radick.
+#define RADICK_LCD_H_RES            800
+#define RADICK_LCD_V_RES            480
+
+#define RADICK_LCD_DE_GPIO          GPIO_NUM_41
+#define RADICK_LCD_VSYNC_GPIO       GPIO_NUM_40
+#define RADICK_LCD_HSYNC_GPIO       GPIO_NUM_39
+#define RADICK_LCD_PCLK_GPIO        GPIO_NUM_0
+#define RADICK_LCD_BACKLIGHT_GPIO   GPIO_NUM_2
+
+#define RADICK_TOUCH_SDA_GPIO       GPIO_NUM_19
+#define RADICK_TOUCH_SCL_GPIO       GPIO_NUM_20
+#define RADICK_PCA9557_ADDRESS      0x18
+#define RADICK_GT911_ADDRESS        0x5D
+#define RADICK_GT911_ALT_ADDRESS    0x14
+
+// Safer split-connector wiring for V3:
+//   RD-03D TX -> GPIO_D pin 1 (GPIO38)
+//   RD-03D RX <- UART pin 2 (GPIO43)
+// This avoids connecting the radar TX output to GPIO44, where the onboard
+// CH340C TX output is already electrically connected.
+#define RADICK_RADAR_RX_GPIO        GPIO_NUM_38
+#define RADICK_RADAR_TX_GPIO        GPIO_NUM_43
+#define RADICK_RADAR_UART_NUM       UART_NUM_1
+#define RADICK_RADAR_BAUD_RATE      256000
+
+#define RADICK_AUDIO_DOUT_GPIO      GPIO_NUM_17
+#define RADICK_AUDIO_LRCLK_GPIO     GPIO_NUM_18
+#define RADICK_AUDIO_BCLK_GPIO      GPIO_NUM_42
+
+#define RADICK_UI_REFRESH_MS        50U
+#define RADICK_SENSOR_OFFLINE_MS    1500U
+#define RADICK_TARGET_EXPIRE_MS     650U
+#define RADICK_AUTO_DIM_MS          60000U
--- a/main/target_tracker.c
+++ b/main/target_tracker.c
@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+#include "target_tracker.h"
+
+#include <float.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define TRACKER_DEFAULT_POSITION_ALPHA      0.35F
+#define TRACKER_DEFAULT_SPEED_ALPHA         0.45F
+#define TRACKER_DEFAULT_MOTION_ALPHA        0.60F
+#define TRACKER_DEFAULT_ASSOCIATION_MM      1800.0F
+#define TRACKER_DEFAULT_MAX_MISSED_FRAMES   6U
+
+typedef struct {
+    const target_tracker_t *tracker;
+    const rd03d_target_t *detections;
+    size_t active_indices[TARGET_TRACKER_CAPACITY];
+    size_t active_count;
+    size_t detection_count;
+    float gate_squared;
+    int current_assignment[TARGET_TRACKER_CAPACITY];
+    int best_assignment[TARGET_TRACKER_CAPACITY];
+    int best_match_count;
+    float best_cost;
+} association_search_t;
+
+static bool alpha_is_valid(float alpha)
+{
+    return alpha >= 0.0F && alpha <= 1.0F;
+}
+
+void target_tracker_default_config(target_tracker_config_t *config)
+{
+    if (config == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    config->position_ema_alpha = TRACKER_DEFAULT_POSITION_ALPHA;
+    config->speed_ema_alpha = TRACKER_DEFAULT_SPEED_ALPHA;
+    config->motion_ema_alpha = TRACKER_DEFAULT_MOTION_ALPHA;
+    config->max_association_distance_mm = TRACKER_DEFAULT_ASSOCIATION_MM;
+    config->max_missed_frames = TRACKER_DEFAULT_MAX_MISSED_FRAMES;
+}
+
+static target_tracker_config_t sanitise_config(const target_tracker_config_t *input)
+{
+    target_tracker_config_t result;
+
+    target_tracker_default_config(&result);
+    if (input == NULL) {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    if (alpha_is_valid(input->position_ema_alpha)) {
+        result.position_ema_alpha = input->position_ema_alpha;
+    }
+    if (alpha_is_valid(input->speed_ema_alpha)) {
+        result.speed_ema_alpha = input->speed_ema_alpha;
+    }
+    if (alpha_is_valid(input->motion_ema_alpha)) {
+        result.motion_ema_alpha = input->motion_ema_alpha;
+    }
+    if (input->max_association_distance_mm > 0.0F) {
+        result.max_association_distance_mm = input->max_association_distance_mm;
+    }
+    result.max_missed_frames = input->max_missed_frames;
+    return result;
+}
+
+void target_tracker_init(target_tracker_t *tracker,
+                         const target_tracker_config_t *config)
+{
+    if (tracker == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    memset(tracker, 0, sizeof(*tracker));
+    tracker->config = sanitise_config(config);
+    tracker->next_id = 1U;
+}
+
+void target_tracker_reset(target_tracker_t *tracker)
+{
+    target_tracker_config_t config;
+
+    if (tracker == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    config = tracker->config;
+    memset(tracker, 0, sizeof(*tracker));
+    tracker->config = config;
+    tracker->next_id = 1U;
+}
+
+static float association_cost(const association_search_t *search,
+                              size_t active_offset,
+                              size_t detection_index)
+{
+    const target_track_state_t *track =
+        &search->tracker->tracks[search->active_indices[active_offset]];
+    const rd03d_target_t *detection = &search->detections[detection_index];
+    const float frames_ahead =
+        (float)track->snapshot.last_seen_age_frames + 1.0F;
+    const float predicted_x = track->last_observed_x_mm +
+                              track->velocity_x_mm_per_frame * frames_ahead;
+    const float predicted_y = track->last_observed_y_mm +
+                              track->velocity_y_mm_per_frame * frames_ahead;
+    const float dx = predicted_x - (float)detection->x_mm;
+    const float dy = predicted_y - (float)detection->y_mm;
+
+    return dx * dx + dy * dy;
+}
+
+static void search_associations(association_search_t *search,
+                                size_t active_offset,
+                                unsigned int used_detection_mask,
+                                int match_count,
+                                float total_cost)
+{
+    size_t detection_index;
+
+    if (active_offset == search->active_count) {
+        if (match_count > search->best_match_count ||
+            (match_count == search->best_match_count &&
+             total_cost < search->best_cost)) {
+            search->best_match_count = match_count;
+            search->best_cost = total_cost;
+            memcpy(search->best_assignment,
+                   search->current_assignment,
+                   sizeof(search->best_assignment));
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (detection_index = 0U;
+         detection_index < search->detection_count;
+         ++detection_index) {
+        const unsigned int detection_bit = 1U << detection_index;
+        float cost;
+
+        if ((used_detection_mask & detection_bit) != 0U) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        cost = association_cost(search, active_offset, detection_index);
+        if (cost > search->gate_squared) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        search->current_assignment[active_offset] = (int)detection_index;
+        search_associations(search,
+                            active_offset + 1U,
+                            used_detection_mask | detection_bit,
+                            match_count + 1,
+                            total_cost + cost);
+    }
+
+    search->current_assignment[active_offset] = -1;
+    search_associations(search,
+                        active_offset + 1U,
+                        used_detection_mask,
+                        match_count,
+                        total_cost);
+}
+
+static uint32_t allocate_id(target_tracker_t *tracker)
+{
+    uint32_t id = tracker->next_id++;
+
+    if (id == 0U) {
+        id = tracker->next_id++;
+    }
+    if (tracker->next_id == 0U) {
+        tracker->next_id = 1U;
+    }
+    return id;
+}
+
+static void initialise_track(target_tracker_t *tracker,
+                             target_track_state_t *track,
+                             const rd03d_target_t *detection)
+{
+    memset(track, 0, sizeof(*track));
+    track->active = true;
+    track->last_observed_x_mm = (float)detection->x_mm;
+    track->last_observed_y_mm = (float)detection->y_mm;
+    track->snapshot.id = allocate_id(tracker);
+    track->snapshot.x_mm = (float)detection->x_mm;
+    track->snapshot.y_mm = (float)detection->y_mm;
+    track->snapshot.speed_cm_s = (float)detection->speed_cm_s;
+    track->snapshot.resolution_mm = detection->resolution_mm;
+    track->snapshot.age_frames = 1U;
+    track->snapshot.last_seen_age_frames = 0U;
+    track->snapshot.visible = true;
+    track->snapshot.observed_this_frame = true;
+}
+
+static void update_matched_track(target_track_state_t *track,
+                                 const rd03d_target_t *detection,
+                                 const target_tracker_config_t *config)
+{
+    const float gap = (float)track->snapshot.last_seen_age_frames + 1.0F;
+    const float measured_velocity_x =
+        ((float)detection->x_mm - track->last_observed_x_mm) / gap;
+    const float measured_velocity_y =
+        ((float)detection->y_mm - track->last_observed_y_mm) / gap;
+    const float position_keep = 1.0F - config->position_ema_alpha;
+    const float speed_keep = 1.0F - config->speed_ema_alpha;
+    const float motion_keep = 1.0F - config->motion_ema_alpha;
+
+    track->velocity_x_mm_per_frame =
+        config->motion_ema_alpha * measured_velocity_x +
+        motion_keep * track->velocity_x_mm_per_frame;
+    track->velocity_y_mm_per_frame =
+        config->motion_ema_alpha * measured_velocity_y +
+        motion_keep * track->velocity_y_mm_per_frame;
+    track->last_observed_x_mm = (float)detection->x_mm;
+    track->last_observed_y_mm = (float)detection->y_mm;
+
+    track->snapshot.x_mm = config->position_ema_alpha * (float)detection->x_mm +
+                           position_keep * track->snapshot.x_mm;
+    track->snapshot.y_mm = config->position_ema_alpha * (float)detection->y_mm +
+                           position_keep * track->snapshot.y_mm;
+    track->snapshot.speed_cm_s =
+        config->speed_ema_alpha * (float)detection->speed_cm_s +
+        speed_keep * track->snapshot.speed_cm_s;
+    track->snapshot.resolution_mm = detection->resolution_mm;
+    track->snapshot.last_seen_age_frames = 0U;
+    track->snapshot.observed_this_frame = true;
+}
+
+size_t target_tracker_update(target_tracker_t *tracker,
+                             const rd03d_target_t *detections,
+                             size_t detection_count)
+{
+    rd03d_target_t valid_detections[TARGET_TRACKER_CAPACITY];
+    bool detection_used[TARGET_TRACKER_CAPACITY] = {false, false, false};
+    association_search_t search;
+    size_t valid_count = 0U;
+    size_t track_index;
+    size_t active_offset;
+    size_t detection_index;
+
+    if (tracker == NULL || (detections == NULL && detection_count != 0U)) {
+        return 0U;
+    }
+
+    for (detection_index = 0U;
+         detection_index < detection_count && valid_count < TARGET_TRACKER_CAPACITY;
+         ++detection_index) {
+        if (detections[detection_index].valid) {
+            valid_detections[valid_count++] = detections[detection_index];
+        }
+    }
+
+    memset(&search, 0, sizeof(search));
+    search.tracker = tracker;
+    search.detections = valid_detections;
+    search.detection_count = valid_count;
+    search.gate_squared = tracker->config.max_association_distance_mm *
+                          tracker->config.max_association_distance_mm;
+    search.best_match_count = -1;
+    search.best_cost = FLT_MAX;
+
+    for (track_index = 0U; track_index < TARGET_TRACKER_CAPACITY; ++track_index) {
+        target_track_state_t *track = &tracker->tracks[track_index];
+
+        if (!track->active) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        track->snapshot.observed_this_frame = false;
+        if (track->snapshot.age_frames != UINT32_MAX) {
+            ++track->snapshot.age_frames;
+        }
+        search.active_indices[search.active_count++] = track_index;
+    }
+
+    search_associations(&search, 0U, 0U, 0, 0.0F);
+
+    for (active_offset = 0U;
+         active_offset < search.active_count;
+         ++active_offset) {
+        target_track_state_t *track =
+            &tracker->tracks[search.active_indices[active_offset]];
+        const int assigned_detection = search.best_assignment[active_offset];
+
+        if (assigned_detection >= 0) {
+            detection_used[(size_t)assigned_detection] = true;
+            update_matched_track(track,
+                                 &valid_detections[(size_t)assigned_detection],
+                                 &tracker->config);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (track->snapshot.last_seen_age_frames != UINT16_MAX) {
+            ++track->snapshot.last_seen_age_frames;
+        }
+        if (track->snapshot.last_seen_age_frames >
+            tracker->config.max_missed_frames) {
+            memset(track, 0, sizeof(*track));
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (detection_index = 0U; detection_index < valid_count; ++detection_index) {
+        if (detection_used[detection_index]) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        target_track_state_t *destination = NULL;
+        for (track_index = 0U;
+             track_index < TARGET_TRACKER_CAPACITY;
+             ++track_index) {
+            if (!tracker->tracks[track_index].active) {
+                destination = &tracker->tracks[track_index];
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (destination == NULL) {
+            /* Current detections take precedence over retained missing tracks. */
+            for (track_index = 0U;
+                 track_index < TARGET_TRACKER_CAPACITY;
+                 ++track_index) {
+                target_track_state_t *candidate = &tracker->tracks[track_index];
+                if (candidate->snapshot.observed_this_frame) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (destination == NULL ||
+                    candidate->snapshot.last_seen_age_frames >
+                        destination->snapshot.last_seen_age_frames) {
+                    destination = candidate;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (destination != NULL) {
+            initialise_track(tracker, destination,
+                             &valid_detections[detection_index]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return target_tracker_snapshot(tracker, NULL, 0U);
+}
+
+size_t target_tracker_update_frame(target_tracker_t *tracker,
+                                   const rd03d_frame_t *frame)
+{
+    if (frame == NULL) {
+        return target_tracker_update(tracker, NULL, 0U);
+    }
+    return target_tracker_update(tracker, frame->targets, RD03D_MAX_TARGETS);
+}
+
+size_t target_tracker_snapshot(const target_tracker_t *tracker,
+                               target_snapshot_t *out,
+                               size_t capacity)
+{
+    const target_snapshot_t *ordered[TARGET_TRACKER_CAPACITY];
+    size_t count = 0U;
+    size_t track_index;
+    size_t index;
+
+    if (tracker == NULL) {
+        return 0U;
+    }
+
+    for (track_index = 0U; track_index < TARGET_TRACKER_CAPACITY; ++track_index) {
+        if (tracker->tracks[track_index].active) {
+            size_t insertion = count;
+
+            while (insertion > 0U &&
+                   ordered[insertion - 1U]->id >
+                       tracker->tracks[track_index].snapshot.id) {
+                ordered[insertion] = ordered[insertion - 1U];
+                --insertion;
+            }
+            ordered[insertion] = &tracker->tracks[track_index].snapshot;
+            ++count;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (out == NULL) {
+        return count;
+    }
+    if (capacity > count) {
+        capacity = count;
+    }
+    for (index = 0U; index < capacity; ++index) {
+        out[index] = *ordered[index];
+    }
+    return count;
+}
--- a/main/target_tracker.h
+++ b/main/target_tracker.h
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#ifndef RADICK_TARGET_TRACKER_H
+#define RADICK_TARGET_TRACKER_H
+
+#include "radar_protocol.h"
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#define TARGET_TRACKER_CAPACITY RD03D_MAX_TARGETS
+
+typedef struct {
+    float position_ema_alpha;
+    float speed_ema_alpha;
+    float motion_ema_alpha;
+    float max_association_distance_mm;
+    uint16_t max_missed_frames;
+} target_tracker_config_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t id;
+    float x_mm;
+    float y_mm;
+    float speed_cm_s;
+    uint16_t resolution_mm;
+    uint32_t age_frames;
+    uint16_t last_seen_age_frames;
+    bool visible;
+    bool observed_this_frame;
+} target_snapshot_t;
+
+/* Public state keeps the module allocator-free; consumers should use snapshot. */
+typedef struct {
+    target_snapshot_t snapshot;
+    float last_observed_x_mm;
+    float last_observed_y_mm;
+    float velocity_x_mm_per_frame;
+    float velocity_y_mm_per_frame;
+    bool active;
+} target_track_state_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    target_tracker_config_t config;
+    target_track_state_t tracks[TARGET_TRACKER_CAPACITY];
+    uint32_t next_id;
+} target_tracker_t;
+
+void target_tracker_default_config(target_tracker_config_t *config);
+
+/* A NULL config selects conservative defaults suitable for the 10 Hz stream. */
+void target_tracker_init(target_tracker_t *tracker,
+                         const target_tracker_config_t *config);
+
+/* Clear tracks and restart IDs at one while preserving the current config. */
+void target_tracker_reset(target_tracker_t *tracker);
+
+/*
+ * Advance the tracker by exactly one radar frame. Only detections with valid
+ * set participate, and at most the first three valid detections are used.
+ * Returns the number of tracks retained after the update.
+ */
+size_t target_tracker_update(target_tracker_t *tracker,
+                             const rd03d_target_t *detections,
+                             size_t detection_count);
+
+size_t target_tracker_update_frame(target_tracker_t *tracker,
+                                   const rd03d_frame_t *frame);
+
+/*
+ * Copy visible tracks ordered by stable ID. Passing NULL/zero capacity is a
+ * valid way to query the number of visible tracks.
+ */
+size_t target_tracker_snapshot(const target_tracker_t *tracker,
+                               target_snapshot_t *out,
+                               size_t capacity);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* RADICK_TARGET_TRACKER_H */
--- a/main/ui.c
+++ b/main/ui.c
@@ -0,0 +1,504 @@
+#include "ui.h"
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lvgl.h"
+
+#define MAIN_WIDTH          610
+#define SIDEBAR_WIDTH       190
+#define RADAR_TOP           52
+#define RADAR_HEIGHT        428
+#define RADAR_CENTER_X      300
+#define RADAR_CENTER_Y      420
+#define RADAR_RADIUS        340
+#define RADAR_MAX_MM        8000.0f
+#define DEGREES_TO_RADIANS  0.01745329251994329577f
+
+static const uint32_t COLOR_BACKGROUND = 0x071015;
+static const uint32_t COLOR_PANEL = 0x0D191F;
+static const uint32_t COLOR_CARD = 0x13232A;
+static const uint32_t COLOR_GRID = 0x1F4145;
+static const uint32_t COLOR_GRID_MAJOR = 0x2C6665;
+static const uint32_t COLOR_ACCENT = 0x4BE1C1;
+static const uint32_t COLOR_TEXT = 0xEAF3F2;
+static const uint32_t COLOR_MUTED = 0x70858A;
+static const uint32_t COLOR_DANGER = 0xFF6B6B;
+static const uint32_t TARGET_COLORS[3] = {0xFF6B6B, 0xFFB454, 0x52C9F3};
+
+static ui_config_t s_config;
+static radar_snapshot_t s_snapshot;
+static lv_obj_t *s_radar;
+static lv_obj_t *s_status_dot;
+static lv_obj_t *s_status_label;
+static lv_obj_t *s_frame_age_label;
+static lv_obj_t *s_nearest_value;
+static lv_obj_t *s_empty_label;
+static lv_obj_t *s_sound_button;
+static lv_obj_t *s_sound_label;
+static lv_obj_t *s_brightness_slider;
+static lv_obj_t *s_target_rows[3];
+static lv_obj_t *s_target_row_dots[3];
+static lv_obj_t *s_target_row_labels[3];
+static lv_obj_t *s_target_tags[3];
+static bool s_sound_enabled;
+
+static lv_color_t color(uint32_t hex)
+{
+    return lv_color_hex(hex);
+}
+
+static void remove_default_style(lv_obj_t *object)
+{
+    lv_obj_remove_style_all(object);
+    lv_obj_clear_flag(object, LV_OBJ_FLAG_SCROLLABLE);
+}
+
+static lv_obj_t *make_label(lv_obj_t *parent, const char *text,
+                            const lv_font_t *font, uint32_t text_color)
+{
+    lv_obj_t *label = lv_label_create(parent);
+    lv_label_set_text(label, text);
+    lv_obj_set_style_text_font(label, font, 0);
+    lv_obj_set_style_text_color(label, color(text_color), 0);
+    return label;
+}
+
+static float distance_to_radius(float distance_mm)
+{
+    if (distance_mm <= 0.0f) {
+        return 0.0f;
+    }
+    if (distance_mm <= 2000.0f) {
+        return (distance_mm / 2000.0f) * 0.50f * RADAR_RADIUS;
+    }
+    if (distance_mm <= 4000.0f) {
+        return (0.50f + ((distance_mm - 2000.0f) / 2000.0f) * 0.25f) * RADAR_RADIUS;
+    }
+    if (distance_mm <= 6000.0f) {
+        return (0.75f + ((distance_mm - 4000.0f) / 2000.0f) * 0.15f) * RADAR_RADIUS;
+    }
+    if (distance_mm >= RADAR_MAX_MM) {
+        return RADAR_RADIUS;
+    }
+    return (0.90f + ((distance_mm - 6000.0f) / 2000.0f) * 0.10f) * RADAR_RADIUS;
+}
+
+static uint8_t target_color_index(uint32_t id)
+{
+    return id == 0U ? 0U : (uint8_t)((id - 1U) % 3U);
+}
+
+static bool target_to_point(const radar_target_view_t *target,
+                            lv_coord_t origin_x, lv_coord_t origin_y,
+                            lv_point_t *point)
+{
+    if (!target->valid || target->y_mm <= 0.0f) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const float distance = sqrtf(target->x_mm * target->x_mm +
+                                 target->y_mm * target->y_mm);
+    if (distance < 100.0f || distance > RADAR_MAX_MM) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const float angle = atan2f(target->x_mm, target->y_mm);
+    const float radius = distance_to_radius(distance);
+    point->x = origin_x + RADAR_CENTER_X + (lv_coord_t)lroundf(sinf(angle) * radius);
+    point->y = origin_y + RADAR_CENTER_Y - (lv_coord_t)lroundf(cosf(angle) * radius);
+    return true;
+}
+
+static void draw_line(lv_draw_ctx_t *ctx, lv_color_t line_color,
+                      lv_coord_t width, lv_point_t start, lv_point_t end)
+{
+    lv_draw_line_dsc_t descriptor;
+    lv_draw_line_dsc_init(&descriptor);
+    descriptor.color = line_color;
+    descriptor.width = width;
+    descriptor.opa = LV_OPA_COVER;
+    lv_draw_line(ctx, &descriptor, &start, &end);
+}
+
+static void draw_radar_event(lv_event_t *event)
+{
+    if (lv_event_get_code(event) != LV_EVENT_DRAW_MAIN) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    lv_obj_t *object = lv_event_get_target(event);
+    lv_draw_ctx_t *ctx = lv_event_get_draw_ctx(event);
+    lv_area_t coordinates;
+    lv_obj_get_coords(object, &coordinates);
+    const lv_point_t center = {
+        .x = coordinates.x1 + RADAR_CENTER_X,
+        .y = coordinates.y1 + RADAR_CENTER_Y,
+    };
+
+    const uint16_t distances[] = {2000, 4000, 6000, 8000};
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+        lv_draw_arc_dsc_t arc;
+        lv_draw_arc_dsc_init(&arc);
+        arc.color = color(i == 3 ? COLOR_GRID_MAJOR : COLOR_GRID);
+        arc.width = i == 3 ? 2 : 1;
+        arc.opa = LV_OPA_COVER;
+        lv_draw_arc(ctx, &arc, &center,
+                    (uint16_t)lroundf(distance_to_radius(distances[i])), 210, 330);
+    }
+
+    const int16_t angles[] = {-60, -30, 0, 30, 60};
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
+        const float radians = (float)angles[i] * DEGREES_TO_RADIANS;
+        const lv_point_t edge = {
+            .x = center.x + (lv_coord_t)lroundf(sinf(radians) * RADAR_RADIUS),
+            .y = center.y - (lv_coord_t)lroundf(cosf(radians) * RADAR_RADIUS),
+        };
+        draw_line(ctx, color(angles[i] == 0 ? COLOR_GRID_MAJOR : COLOR_GRID),
+                  angles[i] == 0 ? 2 : 1, center, edge);
+    }
+
+    lv_draw_rect_dsc_t sensor;
+    lv_draw_rect_dsc_init(&sensor);
+    sensor.radius = LV_RADIUS_CIRCLE;
+    sensor.bg_color = color(s_snapshot.sensor_online ? COLOR_ACCENT : COLOR_MUTED);
+    sensor.bg_opa = LV_OPA_COVER;
+    const lv_area_t sensor_area = {
+        .x1 = center.x - 6, .y1 = center.y - 6,
+        .x2 = center.x + 6, .y2 = center.y + 6,
+    };
+    lv_draw_rect(ctx, &sensor, &sensor_area);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < RADAR_SERVICE_MAX_TARGETS; ++i) {
+        const radar_target_view_t *target = &s_snapshot.targets[i];
+        lv_point_t point;
+        if (!target_to_point(target, coordinates.x1, coordinates.y1, &point)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const lv_color_t target_color = color(TARGET_COLORS[target_color_index(target->id)]);
+
+        lv_draw_rect_dsc_t halo;
+        lv_draw_rect_dsc_init(&halo);
+        halo.radius = LV_RADIUS_CIRCLE;
+        halo.bg_opa = LV_OPA_TRANSP;
+        halo.border_color = target_color;
+        halo.border_opa = LV_OPA_COVER;
+        halo.border_width = 2;
+        const lv_area_t halo_area = {
+            .x1 = point.x - 13, .y1 = point.y - 13,
+            .x2 = point.x + 13, .y2 = point.y + 13,
+        };
+        lv_draw_rect(ctx, &halo, &halo_area);
+
+        lv_draw_rect_dsc_t dot;
+        lv_draw_rect_dsc_init(&dot);
+        dot.radius = LV_RADIUS_CIRCLE;
+        dot.bg_color = target_color;
+        dot.bg_opa = LV_OPA_COVER;
+        const lv_area_t dot_area = {
+            .x1 = point.x - 5, .y1 = point.y - 5,
+            .x2 = point.x + 5, .y2 = point.y + 5,
+        };
+        lv_draw_rect(ctx, &dot, &dot_area);
+    }
+}
+
+static void update_sound_button(void)
+{
+    lv_label_set_text(s_sound_label, s_sound_enabled ? "SOUND  ON" : "SOUND  OFF");
+    lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(s_sound_button,
+                              color(s_sound_enabled ? COLOR_ACCENT : COLOR_CARD), 0);
+    lv_obj_set_style_text_color(s_sound_label,
+                                color(s_sound_enabled ? COLOR_BACKGROUND : COLOR_MUTED), 0);
+}
+
+static void sound_button_event(lv_event_t *event)
+{
+    if (lv_event_get_code(event) != LV_EVENT_CLICKED) {
+        return;
+    }
+    s_sound_enabled = !s_sound_enabled;
+    update_sound_button();
+    if (s_config.sound_changed != NULL) {
+        s_config.sound_changed(s_sound_enabled);
+    }
+}
+
+static void brightness_event(lv_event_t *event)
+{
+    const lv_event_code_t code = lv_event_get_code(event);
+    if (code != LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED && code != LV_EVENT_RELEASED) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (s_config.brightness_changed != NULL) {
+        const uint8_t value = (uint8_t)lv_slider_get_value(s_brightness_slider);
+        s_config.brightness_changed(value, code == LV_EVENT_RELEASED);
+    }
+}
+
+static void create_header(lv_obj_t *root)
+{
+    lv_obj_t *title = make_label(root, "RADICK", &lv_font_montserrat_24, COLOR_TEXT);
+    lv_obj_set_pos(title, 22, 13);
+
+    lv_obj_t *subtitle = make_label(root, "RD-03D  /  24 GHz  /  3 TARGET",
+                                    &lv_font_montserrat_12, COLOR_MUTED);
+    lv_obj_set_pos(subtitle, 140, 22);
+
+    lv_obj_t *line = lv_obj_create(root);
+    remove_default_style(line);
+    lv_obj_set_size(line, MAIN_WIDTH - 40, 1);
+    lv_obj_set_pos(line, 20, 50);
+    lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(line, color(COLOR_GRID), 0);
+    lv_obj_set_style_bg_opa(line, LV_OPA_COVER, 0);
+}
+
+static void create_radar(lv_obj_t *root)
+{
+    s_radar = lv_obj_create(root);
+    remove_default_style(s_radar);
+    lv_obj_set_pos(s_radar, 0, RADAR_TOP);
+    lv_obj_set_size(s_radar, MAIN_WIDTH, RADAR_HEIGHT);
+    lv_obj_add_event_cb(s_radar, draw_radar_event, LV_EVENT_DRAW_MAIN, NULL);
+
+    const uint16_t distances[] = {2000, 4000, 6000, 8000};
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+        char text[8];
+        snprintf(text, sizeof(text), "%um", (unsigned)(distances[i] / 1000U));
+        lv_obj_t *label = make_label(s_radar, text, &lv_font_montserrat_12,
+                                     i == 3 ? COLOR_GRID_MAJOR : COLOR_MUTED);
+        lv_obj_set_pos(label, RADAR_CENTER_X + 7,
+                       RADAR_CENTER_Y - (lv_coord_t)distance_to_radius(distances[i]) - 8);
+    }
+
+    s_empty_label = make_label(s_radar, "WAITING FOR RADAR",
+                               &lv_font_montserrat_16, COLOR_MUTED);
+    lv_obj_align(s_empty_label, LV_ALIGN_TOP_MID, 0, 32);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < RADAR_SERVICE_MAX_TARGETS; ++i) {
+        s_target_tags[i] = make_label(s_radar, "", &lv_font_montserrat_12, COLOR_TEXT);
+        lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(s_target_tags[i], color(COLOR_BACKGROUND), 0);
+        lv_obj_set_style_bg_opa(s_target_tags[i], LV_OPA_70, 0);
+        lv_obj_set_style_pad_hor(s_target_tags[i], 5, 0);
+        lv_obj_set_style_pad_ver(s_target_tags[i], 3, 0);
+        lv_obj_set_style_radius(s_target_tags[i], 4, 0);
+        lv_obj_add_flag(s_target_tags[i], LV_OBJ_FLAG_HIDDEN);
+    }
+}
+
+static lv_obj_t *create_card(lv_obj_t *parent, lv_coord_t y, lv_coord_t height)
+{
+    lv_obj_t *card = lv_obj_create(parent);
+    lv_obj_clear_flag(card, LV_OBJ_FLAG_SCROLLABLE);
+    lv_obj_set_pos(card, 12, y);
+    lv_obj_set_size(card, SIDEBAR_WIDTH - 24, height);
+    lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(card, color(COLOR_CARD), 0);
+    lv_obj_set_style_bg_opa(card, LV_OPA_COVER, 0);
+    lv_obj_set_style_border_width(card, 0, 0);
+    lv_obj_set_style_radius(card, 10, 0);
+    lv_obj_set_style_pad_all(card, 0, 0);
+    return card;
+}
+
+static void create_sidebar(lv_obj_t *root)
+{
+    lv_obj_t *sidebar = lv_obj_create(root);
+    remove_default_style(sidebar);
+    lv_obj_set_pos(sidebar, MAIN_WIDTH, 0);
+    lv_obj_set_size(sidebar, SIDEBAR_WIDTH, 480);
+    lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(sidebar, color(COLOR_PANEL), 0);
+    lv_obj_set_style_bg_opa(sidebar, LV_OPA_COVER, 0);
+
+    s_status_dot = lv_obj_create(sidebar);
+    remove_default_style(s_status_dot);
+    lv_obj_set_size(s_status_dot, 9, 9);
+    lv_obj_set_pos(s_status_dot, 14, 19);
+    lv_obj_set_style_radius(s_status_dot, LV_RADIUS_CIRCLE, 0);
+    lv_obj_set_style_bg_opa(s_status_dot, LV_OPA_COVER, 0);
+
+    s_status_label = make_label(sidebar, "RADAR OFFLINE",
+                                &lv_font_montserrat_14, COLOR_MUTED);
+    lv_obj_set_pos(s_status_label, 31, 14);
+    s_frame_age_label = make_label(sidebar, "NO DATA",
+                                   &lv_font_montserrat_12, COLOR_MUTED);
+    lv_obj_set_pos(s_frame_age_label, 31, 31);
+
+    lv_obj_t *nearest_card = create_card(sidebar, 58, 94);
+    lv_obj_t *nearest_title = make_label(nearest_card, "NEAREST",
+                                         &lv_font_montserrat_12, COLOR_MUTED);
+    lv_obj_set_pos(nearest_title, 12, 10);
+    s_nearest_value = make_label(nearest_card, "--.- m",
+                                 &lv_font_montserrat_40, COLOR_TEXT);
+    lv_obj_set_pos(s_nearest_value, 10, 33);
+
+    lv_obj_t *targets_title = make_label(sidebar, "TARGETS",
+                                         &lv_font_montserrat_12, COLOR_MUTED);
+    lv_obj_set_pos(targets_title, 14, 167);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+        s_target_rows[i] = create_card(sidebar, 186 + (lv_coord_t)i * 53, 45);
+        s_target_row_dots[i] = lv_obj_create(s_target_rows[i]);
+        remove_default_style(s_target_row_dots[i]);
+        lv_obj_set_size(s_target_row_dots[i], 8, 8);
+        lv_obj_set_pos(s_target_row_dots[i], 11, 18);
+        lv_obj_set_style_radius(s_target_row_dots[i], LV_RADIUS_CIRCLE, 0);
+        lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(s_target_row_dots[i], color(TARGET_COLORS[i]), 0);
+        lv_obj_set_style_bg_opa(s_target_row_dots[i], LV_OPA_COVER, 0);
+        s_target_row_labels[i] = make_label(s_target_rows[i], "--",
+                                            &lv_font_montserrat_12, COLOR_MUTED);
+        lv_obj_set_pos(s_target_row_labels[i], 29, 8);
+    }
+
+    s_sound_button = lv_btn_create(sidebar);
+    lv_obj_set_pos(s_sound_button, 12, 351);
+    lv_obj_set_size(s_sound_button, SIDEBAR_WIDTH - 24, 42);
+    lv_obj_set_style_shadow_width(s_sound_button, 0, 0);
+    lv_obj_set_style_border_width(s_sound_button, 0, 0);
+    lv_obj_set_style_radius(s_sound_button, 9, 0);
+    lv_obj_add_event_cb(s_sound_button, sound_button_event, LV_EVENT_CLICKED, NULL);
+    s_sound_label = make_label(s_sound_button, "", &lv_font_montserrat_14, COLOR_TEXT);
+    lv_obj_center(s_sound_label);
+    update_sound_button();
+
+    lv_obj_t *brightness_title = make_label(sidebar, "BRIGHTNESS",
+                                            &lv_font_montserrat_12, COLOR_MUTED);
+    lv_obj_set_pos(brightness_title, 14, 411);
+    s_brightness_slider = lv_slider_create(sidebar);
+    lv_obj_set_pos(s_brightness_slider, 14, 442);
+    lv_obj_set_size(s_brightness_slider, SIDEBAR_WIDTH - 28, 8);
+    lv_slider_set_range(s_brightness_slider, 10, 100);
+    lv_slider_set_value(s_brightness_slider, s_config.brightness_percent, LV_ANIM_OFF);
+    lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(s_brightness_slider, color(COLOR_CARD), LV_PART_MAIN);
+    lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(s_brightness_slider, color(COLOR_ACCENT), LV_PART_INDICATOR);
+    lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(s_brightness_slider, color(COLOR_TEXT), LV_PART_KNOB);
+    lv_obj_set_style_pad_all(s_brightness_slider, 6, LV_PART_KNOB);
+    lv_obj_set_ext_click_area(s_brightness_slider, 12);
+    lv_obj_add_event_cb(s_brightness_slider, brightness_event, LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED, NULL);
+    lv_obj_add_event_cb(s_brightness_slider, brightness_event, LV_EVENT_RELEASED, NULL);
+
+    if (!s_config.touch_available) {
+        lv_obj_t *touch_warning = make_label(sidebar, "TOUCH OFFLINE",
+                                             &lv_font_montserrat_12, COLOR_DANGER);
+        lv_obj_align(touch_warning, LV_ALIGN_BOTTOM_MID, 0, -5);
+    }
+}
+
+void ui_init(const ui_config_t *config)
+{
+    memset(&s_snapshot, 0, sizeof(s_snapshot));
+    if (config != NULL) {
+        s_config = *config;
+    } else {
+        memset(&s_config, 0, sizeof(s_config));
+        s_config.brightness_percent = 75;
+    }
+    s_sound_enabled = s_config.sound_enabled;
+
+    lv_obj_t *root = lv_scr_act();
+    lv_obj_clear_flag(root, LV_OBJ_FLAG_SCROLLABLE);
+    lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(root, color(COLOR_BACKGROUND), 0);
+    lv_obj_set_style_bg_opa(root, LV_OPA_COVER, 0);
+    lv_obj_set_style_pad_all(root, 0, 0);
+
+    create_header(root);
+    create_radar(root);
+    create_sidebar(root);
+}
+
+void ui_update(const radar_snapshot_t *snapshot)
+{
+    if (snapshot == NULL || s_radar == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const bool online = snapshot->sensor_online;
+    const bool radar_changed =
+        snapshot->frame_count != s_snapshot.frame_count ||
+        snapshot->target_count != s_snapshot.target_count ||
+        online != s_snapshot.sensor_online;
+    s_snapshot = *snapshot;
+    lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(s_status_dot,
+                              color(online ? COLOR_ACCENT : COLOR_DANGER), 0);
+    lv_label_set_text(s_status_label, online ? "RADAR ONLINE" : "RADAR OFFLINE");
+    lv_obj_set_style_text_color(s_status_label,
+                                color(online ? COLOR_TEXT : COLOR_DANGER), 0);
+
+    if (online) {
+        char age_text[24];
+        snprintf(age_text, sizeof(age_text), "%lu FR  /  %lums",
+                 (unsigned long)snapshot->frame_count,
+                 (unsigned long)snapshot->last_frame_age_ms);
+        lv_label_set_text(s_frame_age_label, age_text);
+    } else {
+        lv_label_set_text(s_frame_age_label, "NO SENSOR DATA");
+    }
+
+    float nearest = INFINITY;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < RADAR_SERVICE_MAX_TARGETS; ++i) {
+        const radar_target_view_t *target = &snapshot->targets[i];
+        if (target->valid) {
+            const float distance = sqrtf(target->x_mm * target->x_mm +
+                                         target->y_mm * target->y_mm);
+            if (distance < nearest) {
+                nearest = distance;
+            }
+
+            char row_text[44];
+            snprintf(row_text, sizeof(row_text), "T%lu   %.2fm\n%+.0f cm/s",
+                     (unsigned long)target->id, distance / 1000.0f,
+                     target->speed_cm_s);
+            lv_label_set_text(s_target_row_labels[i], row_text);
+            const uint8_t color_index = target_color_index(target->id);
+            lv_obj_set_style_text_color(s_target_row_labels[i], color(COLOR_TEXT), 0);
+            lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(s_target_row_dots[i],
+                                      color(TARGET_COLORS[color_index]), 0);
+            lv_obj_clear_flag(s_target_row_dots[i], LV_OBJ_FLAG_HIDDEN);
+
+            lv_point_t point;
+            if (target_to_point(target, 0, 0, &point)) {
+                char tag[24];
+                snprintf(tag, sizeof(tag), "T%lu  %.1fm",
+                         (unsigned long)target->id, distance / 1000.0f);
+                lv_label_set_text(s_target_tags[i], tag);
+                lv_obj_set_style_text_color(s_target_tags[i],
+                                            color(TARGET_COLORS[color_index]), 0);
+                lv_coord_t tag_x = point.x + 15;
+                if (tag_x > MAIN_WIDTH - 82) {
+                    tag_x = point.x - 78;
+                }
+                lv_coord_t tag_y = point.y - 12;
+                if (tag_y < 0) {
+                    tag_y = 0;
+                }
+                lv_obj_set_pos(s_target_tags[i], tag_x, tag_y);
+                lv_obj_clear_flag(s_target_tags[i], LV_OBJ_FLAG_HIDDEN);
+            } else {
+                lv_obj_add_flag(s_target_tags[i], LV_OBJ_FLAG_HIDDEN);
+            }
+        } else {
+            lv_label_set_text(s_target_row_labels[i], "--");
+            lv_obj_set_style_text_color(s_target_row_labels[i], color(COLOR_MUTED), 0);
+            lv_obj_add_flag(s_target_row_dots[i], LV_OBJ_FLAG_HIDDEN);
+            lv_obj_add_flag(s_target_tags[i], LV_OBJ_FLAG_HIDDEN);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (isfinite(nearest)) {
+        char nearest_text[16];
+        snprintf(nearest_text, sizeof(nearest_text), "%.1f m", nearest / 1000.0f);
+        lv_label_set_text(s_nearest_value, nearest_text);
+    } else {
+        lv_label_set_text(s_nearest_value, "--.- m");
+    }
+
+    if (!online) {
+        lv_label_set_text(s_empty_label, "WAITING FOR RADAR");
+        lv_obj_clear_flag(s_empty_label, LV_OBJ_FLAG_HIDDEN);
+    } else if (snapshot->target_count == 0U) {
+        lv_label_set_text(s_empty_label, "AREA CLEAR");
+        lv_obj_clear_flag(s_empty_label, LV_OBJ_FLAG_HIDDEN);
+    } else {
+        lv_obj_add_flag(s_empty_label, LV_OBJ_FLAG_HIDDEN);
+    }
+    if (radar_changed) {
+        lv_obj_invalidate(s_radar);
+    }
+}
--- a/main/ui.h
+++ b/main/ui.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "radar_service.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+    bool sound_enabled;
+    bool touch_available;
+    uint8_t brightness_percent;
+    void (*sound_changed)(bool enabled);
+    void (*brightness_changed)(uint8_t percent, bool persist);
+} ui_config_t;
+
+void ui_init(const ui_config_t *config);
+void ui_update(const radar_snapshot_t *snapshot);
--- a/partitions.csv
+++ b/partitions.csv
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Name,    Type, SubType, Offset,   Size, Flags
+nvs,       data, nvs,     0x9000,   24K,
+phy_init,  data, phy,     0xf000,   4K,
+factory,   app,  factory, 0x10000,  3M,
--- a/sdkconfig.defaults
+++ b/sdkconfig.defaults
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# Target: Elecrow Basic CrowPanel 7.0-inch V3.0 (DIS08070H, ESP32-S3-N4R8)
+CONFIG_IDF_TARGET="esp32s3"
+
+# Module memory configuration: 4 MB QIO flash + 8 MB octal PSRAM.
+CONFIG_ESPTOOLPY_FLASHMODE_QIO=y
+CONFIG_ESPTOOLPY_FLASH_MODE_AUTO_DETECT=n
+CONFIG_ESPTOOLPY_FLASHFREQ_80M=y
+CONFIG_ESPTOOLPY_FLASHSIZE_4MB=y
+CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_CUSTOM=y
+CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_CUSTOM_FILENAME="partitions.csv"
+CONFIG_SPIRAM=y
+CONFIG_SPIRAM_MODE_OCT=y
+CONFIG_SPIRAM_SPEED_80M=y
+CONFIG_SPIRAM_BOOT_INIT=y
+CONFIG_SPIRAM_USE_CAPS_ALLOC=y
+CONFIG_SPIRAM_MALLOC_ALWAYSINTERNAL=16384
+CONFIG_SPIRAM_MALLOC_RESERVE_INTERNAL=32768
+CONFIG_SPIRAM_FETCH_INSTRUCTIONS=y
+CONFIG_SPIRAM_RODATA=y
+
+# The RGB panel is bandwidth-sensitive when its frame buffer lives in PSRAM.
+CONFIG_ESP32S3_DATA_CACHE_LINE_64B=y
+CONFIG_LCD_RGB_RESTART_IN_VSYNC=y
+CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_PERF=y
+CONFIG_ESP_DEFAULT_CPU_FREQ_MHZ_240=y
+CONFIG_FREERTOS_HZ=1000
+CONFIG_ESP_MAIN_TASK_STACK_SIZE=6144
+
+# GPIO43 is used by the radar TX path. Keep the application console off UART0.
+# The ROM downloader still works through the onboard CH340C.
+CONFIG_ESP_CONSOLE_NONE=y
+CONFIG_ESP_CONSOLE_SECONDARY_NONE=y
+CONFIG_BOOTLOADER_LOG_LEVEL_NONE=y
+CONFIG_LOG_DEFAULT_LEVEL_WARN=y
+
+# LVGL 8 RGB565 configuration and only the fonts used by this UI.
+CONFIG_LV_COLOR_DEPTH_16=y
+CONFIG_LV_COLOR_16_SWAP=n
+# CONFIG_LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES is not set
+CONFIG_LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_12=y
+CONFIG_LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_14=y
+CONFIG_LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_16=y
+CONFIG_LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_20=y
+CONFIG_LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_24=y
+CONFIG_LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_28=y
+CONFIG_LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_32=y
+CONFIG_LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_40=y
--- a/tests/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
+
+project(radick_host_tests LANGUAGES C)
+
+enable_testing()
+
+add_executable(radick_tests
+    test_main.c
+    ../main/radar_protocol.c
+    ../main/target_tracker.c
+)
+
+target_include_directories(radick_tests PRIVATE ../main)
+target_compile_features(radick_tests PRIVATE c_std_11)
+target_compile_options(radick_tests PRIVATE
+    -Wall
+    -Wextra
+    -Wpedantic
+    -Wconversion
+    -Wshadow
+    -Werror
+)
+
+add_test(NAME radick_core COMMAND radick_tests)
--- a/tests/test_main.c
+++ b/tests/test_main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+#include "radar_protocol.h"
+#include "target_tracker.h"
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(array) (sizeof(array) / sizeof((array)[0]))
+
+static unsigned int tests_run;
+
+static void fail(const char *file, int line, const char *expression)
+{
+    (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d: assertion failed: %s\n", file, line, expression);
+    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+#define ASSERT_TRUE(expression)                                                \
+    do {                                                                       \
+        if (!(expression)) {                                                   \
+            fail(__FILE__, __LINE__, #expression);                             \
+        }                                                                      \
+    } while (false)
+
+#define ASSERT_EQ_INT(expected, actual)                                        \
+    do {                                                                       \
+        const long long expected_value = (long long)(expected);                \
+        const long long actual_value = (long long)(actual);                    \
+        if (expected_value != actual_value) {                                  \
+            fail(__FILE__, __LINE__, #expected " == " #actual);               \
+        }                                                                      \
+    } while (false)
+
+#define ASSERT_NEAR(expected, actual, tolerance)                               \
+    do {                                                                       \
+        const double difference = fabs((double)(expected) - (double)(actual)); \
+        if (difference > (double)(tolerance)) {                                \
+            fail(__FILE__, __LINE__, #expected " ~= " #actual);               \
+        }                                                                      \
+    } while (false)
+
+#define RUN_TEST(function)                                                     \
+    do {                                                                       \
+        function();                                                            \
+        ++tests_run;                                                           \
+        (void)printf("ok %u - %s\n", tests_run, #function);                   \
+    } while (false)
+
+static uint16_t encode_sign_magnitude(int16_t value)
+{
+    if (value >= 0) {
+        return (uint16_t)value | UINT16_C(0x8000);
+    }
+    return (uint16_t)(-(int32_t)value);
+}
+
+static void put_u16_le(uint8_t *destination, uint16_t value)
+{
+    destination[0] = (uint8_t)(value & UINT16_C(0x00FF));
+    destination[1] = (uint8_t)(value >> 8U);
+}
+
+static void make_frame(uint8_t frame[RD03D_FRAME_SIZE],
+                       const rd03d_target_t targets[RD03D_MAX_TARGETS])
+{
+    size_t index;
+
+    memset(frame, 0, RD03D_FRAME_SIZE);
+    memcpy(frame, rd03d_frame_header, RD03D_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE);
+    memcpy(frame + RD03D_FRAME_SIZE - RD03D_FRAME_TAIL_SIZE,
+           rd03d_frame_tail,
+           RD03D_FRAME_TAIL_SIZE);
+
+    for (index = 0U; index < RD03D_MAX_TARGETS; ++index) {
+        uint8_t *payload;
+
+        if (!targets[index].valid) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        payload = frame + RD03D_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE +
+                  index * RD03D_TARGET_DATA_SIZE;
+        put_u16_le(payload, encode_sign_magnitude(targets[index].x_mm));
+        put_u16_le(payload + 2U, encode_sign_magnitude(targets[index].y_mm));
+        put_u16_le(payload + 4U,
+                   encode_sign_magnitude(targets[index].speed_cm_s));
+        put_u16_le(payload + 6U, targets[index].resolution_mm);
+    }
+}
+
+static rd03d_target_t detection(int16_t x,
+                                int16_t y,
+                                int16_t speed,
+                                uint16_t resolution)
+{
+    const rd03d_target_t result = {
+        .x_mm = x,
+        .y_mm = y,
+        .speed_cm_s = speed,
+        .resolution_mm = resolution,
+        .valid = true,
+    };
+    return result;
+}
+
+static void test_sign_magnitude_boundaries(void)
+{
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(-782, rd03d_decode_sign_magnitude(0x0EU, 0x03U));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(1713, rd03d_decode_sign_magnitude(0xB1U, 0x86U));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(-16, rd03d_decode_sign_magnitude(0x10U, 0x00U));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(0, rd03d_decode_sign_magnitude(0x00U, 0x00U));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(0, rd03d_decode_sign_magnitude(0x00U, 0x80U));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(-32767, rd03d_decode_sign_magnitude(0xFFU, 0x7FU));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(32767, rd03d_decode_sign_magnitude(0xFFU, 0xFFU));
+}
+
+static void test_decode_complete_frame_and_resolution(void)
+{
+    const rd03d_target_t input[RD03D_MAX_TARGETS] = {
+        {.x_mm = -782, .y_mm = 1713, .speed_cm_s = -16,
+         .resolution_mm = 360U, .valid = true},
+        {.x_mm = 32767, .y_mm = -32767, .speed_cm_s = 72,
+         .resolution_mm = 65535U, .valid = true},
+        {0},
+    };
+    uint8_t bytes[RD03D_FRAME_SIZE];
+    rd03d_frame_t frame;
+
+    make_frame(bytes, input);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(rd03d_decode_frame(bytes, &frame));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(frame.targets[0].valid);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(-782, frame.targets[0].x_mm);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(1713, frame.targets[0].y_mm);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(-16, frame.targets[0].speed_cm_s);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(360, frame.targets[0].resolution_mm);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(frame.targets[1].valid);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(32767, frame.targets[1].x_mm);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(-32767, frame.targets[1].y_mm);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(65535, frame.targets[1].resolution_mm);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(!frame.targets[2].valid);
+
+    bytes[RD03D_FRAME_SIZE - 1U] ^= 0x01U;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(!rd03d_decode_frame(bytes, &frame));
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+    rd03d_frame_t frames[8];
+    size_t count;
+} frame_capture_t;
+
+static void capture_frame(const rd03d_frame_t *frame, void *context)
+{
+    frame_capture_t *capture = context;
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(capture->count < ARRAY_SIZE(capture->frames));
+    capture->frames[capture->count++] = *frame;
+}
+
+static void test_parser_all_split_points(void)
+{
+    const rd03d_target_t targets[RD03D_MAX_TARGETS] = {
+        {.x_mm = -1200, .y_mm = 3456, .speed_cm_s = 88,
+         .resolution_mm = 240U, .valid = true},
+        {0},
+        {0},
+    };
+    uint8_t bytes[RD03D_FRAME_SIZE];
+    size_t split;
+
+    make_frame(bytes, targets);
+    for (split = 0U; split <= RD03D_FRAME_SIZE; ++split) {
+        rd03d_parser_t parser;
+        frame_capture_t capture = {0};
+        size_t decoded_count;
+
+        rd03d_parser_init(&parser);
+        decoded_count = rd03d_parser_feed(&parser,
+                                          bytes,
+                                          split,
+                                          capture_frame,
+                                          &capture);
+        decoded_count += rd03d_parser_feed(&parser,
+                                           bytes + split,
+                                           RD03D_FRAME_SIZE - split,
+                                           capture_frame,
+                                           &capture);
+        ASSERT_EQ_INT(1, decoded_count);
+        ASSERT_EQ_INT(1, capture.count);
+        ASSERT_EQ_INT(-1200, capture.frames[0].targets[0].x_mm);
+        ASSERT_EQ_INT(1, parser.frames_decoded);
+        ASSERT_EQ_INT(0, parser.malformed_frames);
+    }
+}
+
+static void test_parser_noise_corruption_and_resynchronisation(void)
+{
+    const rd03d_target_t first_targets[RD03D_MAX_TARGETS] = {
+        {.x_mm = -321, .y_mm = 2000, .speed_cm_s = 10,
+         .resolution_mm = 120U, .valid = true},
+        {0},
+        {0},
+    };
+    const rd03d_target_t second_targets[RD03D_MAX_TARGETS] = {
+        {.x_mm = 777, .y_mm = 2500, .speed_cm_s = -25,
+         .resolution_mm = 480U, .valid = true},
+        {0},
+        {0},
+    };
+    const uint8_t noise[] = {0x00U, 0xAAU, 0xAAU, 0xFFU, 0x02U, 0x99U};
+    uint8_t bad[RD03D_FRAME_SIZE];
+    uint8_t good[RD03D_FRAME_SIZE];
+    uint8_t stream[sizeof(noise) + RD03D_FRAME_SIZE * 2U];
+    rd03d_parser_t parser;
+    frame_capture_t capture = {0};
+    size_t offset = 0U;
+
+    make_frame(bad, first_targets);
+    make_frame(good, second_targets);
+    bad[RD03D_FRAME_SIZE - 2U] = 0x54U;
+    memcpy(stream + offset, noise, sizeof(noise));
+    offset += sizeof(noise);
+    memcpy(stream + offset, bad, sizeof(bad));
+    offset += sizeof(bad);
+    memcpy(stream + offset, good, sizeof(good));
+    offset += sizeof(good);
+
+    rd03d_parser_init(&parser);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(1,
+                  rd03d_parser_feed(&parser,
+                                    stream,
+                                    offset,
+                                    capture_frame,
+                                    &capture));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(1, capture.count);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(777, capture.frames[0].targets[0].x_mm);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(-25, capture.frames[0].targets[0].speed_cm_s);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(1, parser.malformed_frames);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(offset, parser.bytes_received);
+}
+
+static void test_parser_recovers_from_dropped_byte_and_embedded_header(void)
+{
+    rd03d_target_t corrupt_targets[RD03D_MAX_TARGETS] = {
+        {.x_mm = -100, .y_mm = 1000, .speed_cm_s = 4,
+         .resolution_mm = 0U, .valid = true},
+        {0},
+        {0},
+    };
+    const rd03d_target_t good_targets[RD03D_MAX_TARGETS] = {
+        {.x_mm = 901, .y_mm = 3333, .speed_cm_s = 42,
+         .resolution_mm = 360U, .valid = true},
+        {0},
+        {0},
+    };
+    uint8_t corrupt[RD03D_FRAME_SIZE];
+    uint8_t good[RD03D_FRAME_SIZE];
+    uint8_t stream[RD03D_FRAME_SIZE * 2U - 1U];
+    rd03d_parser_t parser;
+    frame_capture_t capture = {0};
+
+    make_frame(corrupt, corrupt_targets);
+    make_frame(good, good_targets);
+    /* A false header in the damaged payload must not prevent later recovery. */
+    memcpy(corrupt + 12U, rd03d_frame_header, RD03D_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE);
+    memcpy(stream, corrupt, 20U);
+    memcpy(stream + 20U, corrupt + 21U, RD03D_FRAME_SIZE - 21U);
+    memcpy(stream + RD03D_FRAME_SIZE - 1U, good, RD03D_FRAME_SIZE);
+
+    rd03d_parser_init(&parser);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(1,
+                  rd03d_parser_feed(&parser,
+                                    stream,
+                                    sizeof(stream),
+                                    capture_frame,
+                                    &capture));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(1, capture.count);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(901, capture.frames[0].targets[0].x_mm);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(parser.malformed_frames >= 1U);
+}
+
+static void test_parser_multiple_frames_per_chunk(void)
+{
+    rd03d_target_t targets[RD03D_MAX_TARGETS] = {
+        {.x_mm = 1, .y_mm = 2, .speed_cm_s = 3,
+         .resolution_mm = 4U, .valid = true},
+        {0},
+        {0},
+    };
+    uint8_t stream[RD03D_FRAME_SIZE * 3U];
+    rd03d_parser_t parser;
+    frame_capture_t capture = {0};
+    size_t index;
+
+    for (index = 0U; index < 3U; ++index) {
+        targets[0].x_mm = (int16_t)(100 + (int16_t)index);
+        make_frame(stream + index * RD03D_FRAME_SIZE, targets);
+    }
+    rd03d_parser_init(&parser);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(3,
+                  rd03d_parser_feed(&parser,
+                                    stream,
+                                    sizeof(stream),
+                                    capture_frame,
+                                    &capture));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(3, capture.count);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(100, capture.frames[0].targets[0].x_mm);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(102, capture.frames[2].targets[0].x_mm);
+}
+
+static target_tracker_config_t deterministic_tracker_config(void)
+{
+    target_tracker_config_t config;
+
+    target_tracker_default_config(&config);
+    config.position_ema_alpha = 0.5F;
+    config.speed_ema_alpha = 0.5F;
+    config.motion_ema_alpha = 1.0F;
+    config.max_association_distance_mm = 1500.0F;
+    config.max_missed_frames = 2U;
+    return config;
+}
+
+static const target_snapshot_t *find_snapshot(const target_snapshot_t *snapshots,
+                                               size_t count,
+                                               uint32_t id)
+{
+    size_t index;
+
+    for (index = 0U; index < count; ++index) {
+        if (snapshots[index].id == id) {
+            return &snapshots[index];
+        }
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void test_tracker_stable_ids_slot_reorder_and_ema(void)
+{
+    target_tracker_t tracker;
+    target_tracker_config_t config = deterministic_tracker_config();
+    rd03d_target_t frame_one[] = {
+        {.x_mm = -1000, .y_mm = 2000, .speed_cm_s = 20,
+         .resolution_mm = 120U, .valid = true},
+        {.x_mm = 1000, .y_mm = 2200, .speed_cm_s = -30,
+         .resolution_mm = 240U, .valid = true},
+    };
+    rd03d_target_t frame_two[] = {
+        {.x_mm = 1100, .y_mm = 2200, .speed_cm_s = -10,
+         .resolution_mm = 360U, .valid = true},
+        {.x_mm = -800, .y_mm = 2000, .speed_cm_s = 40,
+         .resolution_mm = 480U, .valid = true},
+    };
+    target_snapshot_t snapshots[TARGET_TRACKER_CAPACITY];
+    uint32_t left_id;
+    uint32_t right_id;
+    size_t count;
+    const target_snapshot_t *left;
+    const target_snapshot_t *right;
+
+    target_tracker_init(&tracker, &config);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(2,
+                  target_tracker_update(&tracker,
+                                        frame_one,
+                                        ARRAY_SIZE(frame_one)));
+    count = target_tracker_snapshot(&tracker, snapshots, ARRAY_SIZE(snapshots));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(2, count);
+    left_id = snapshots[0].x_mm < 0.0F ? snapshots[0].id : snapshots[1].id;
+    right_id = snapshots[0].x_mm > 0.0F ? snapshots[0].id : snapshots[1].id;
+
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(2,
+                  target_tracker_update(&tracker,
+                                        frame_two,
+                                        ARRAY_SIZE(frame_two)));
+    count = target_tracker_snapshot(&tracker, snapshots, ARRAY_SIZE(snapshots));
+    left = find_snapshot(snapshots, count, left_id);
+    right = find_snapshot(snapshots, count, right_id);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(left != NULL);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(right != NULL);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(-900.0, left->x_mm, 0.001);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(30.0, left->speed_cm_s, 0.001);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(480, left->resolution_mm);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(1050.0, right->x_mm, 0.001);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(-20.0, right->speed_cm_s, 0.001);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(360, right->resolution_mm);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(2, left->age_frames);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(0, left->last_seen_age_frames);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(left->visible && left->observed_this_frame);
+}
+
+static void test_tracker_does_not_merge_close_targets(void)
+{
+    target_tracker_t tracker;
+    rd03d_target_t detections[] = {
+        {.x_mm = 0, .y_mm = 2000, .speed_cm_s = 1,
+         .resolution_mm = 120U, .valid = true},
+        {.x_mm = 500, .y_mm = 2000, .speed_cm_s = 2,
+         .resolution_mm = 120U, .valid = true},
+        {.x_mm = 900, .y_mm = 2000, .speed_cm_s = 3,
+         .resolution_mm = 120U, .valid = true},
+    };
+    target_snapshot_t snapshots[TARGET_TRACKER_CAPACITY];
+
+    target_tracker_init(&tracker, NULL);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(3,
+                  target_tracker_update(&tracker,
+                                        detections,
+                                        ARRAY_SIZE(detections)));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(3,
+                  target_tracker_snapshot(&tracker,
+                                          snapshots,
+                                          ARRAY_SIZE(snapshots)));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(snapshots[0].id != snapshots[1].id);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(snapshots[1].id != snapshots[2].id);
+}
+
+static void test_tracker_frame_age_removal_and_reacquisition(void)
+{
+    target_tracker_t tracker;
+    target_tracker_config_t config = deterministic_tracker_config();
+    const rd03d_target_t first = detection(100, 2000, 10, 120U);
+    target_snapshot_t snapshot;
+    uint32_t original_id;
+
+    target_tracker_init(&tracker, &config);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(1, target_tracker_update(&tracker, &first, 1U));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(1, target_tracker_snapshot(&tracker, &snapshot, 1U));
+    original_id = snapshot.id;
+
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(1, target_tracker_update(&tracker, NULL, 0U));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(1, target_tracker_snapshot(&tracker, &snapshot, 1U));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(1, snapshot.last_seen_age_frames);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(snapshot.visible);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(!snapshot.observed_this_frame);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(1, target_tracker_update(&tracker, NULL, 0U));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(1, target_tracker_snapshot(&tracker, &snapshot, 1U));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(2, snapshot.last_seen_age_frames);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(0, target_tracker_update(&tracker, NULL, 0U));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(0, target_tracker_snapshot(&tracker, &snapshot, 1U));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(1, target_tracker_update(&tracker, &first, 1U));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(1, target_tracker_snapshot(&tracker, &snapshot, 1U));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(snapshot.id != original_id);
+}
+
+static void test_tracker_prediction_preserves_ids_through_crossing(void)
+{
+    target_tracker_t tracker;
+    target_tracker_config_t config = deterministic_tracker_config();
+    rd03d_target_t detections[2];
+    target_snapshot_t snapshots[2];
+    uint32_t left_to_right_id;
+    uint32_t right_to_left_id;
+    size_t count;
+    const target_snapshot_t *left_to_right;
+    const target_snapshot_t *right_to_left;
+
+    config.position_ema_alpha = 1.0F;
+    target_tracker_init(&tracker, &config);
+    detections[0] = detection(-600, 2000, 5, 100U);
+    detections[1] = detection(600, 2000, -5, 100U);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(2, target_tracker_update(&tracker, detections, 2U));
+    count = target_tracker_snapshot(&tracker, snapshots, ARRAY_SIZE(snapshots));
+    left_to_right_id = snapshots[0].x_mm < 0.0F ? snapshots[0].id : snapshots[1].id;
+    right_to_left_id = snapshots[0].x_mm > 0.0F ? snapshots[0].id : snapshots[1].id;
+
+    detections[0] = detection(-200, 2000, 5, 100U);
+    detections[1] = detection(200, 2000, -5, 100U);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(2, target_tracker_update(&tracker, detections, 2U));
+
+    /* Swap input slots as the two physical trajectories cross. */
+    detections[0] = detection(-200, 2000, -5, 100U);
+    detections[1] = detection(200, 2000, 5, 100U);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(2, target_tracker_update(&tracker, detections, 2U));
+    count = target_tracker_snapshot(&tracker, snapshots, ARRAY_SIZE(snapshots));
+    left_to_right = find_snapshot(snapshots, count, left_to_right_id);
+    right_to_left = find_snapshot(snapshots, count, right_to_left_id);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(left_to_right != NULL && right_to_left != NULL);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(200.0, left_to_right->x_mm, 0.001);
+    ASSERT_NEAR(-200.0, right_to_left->x_mm, 0.001);
+}
+
+static void test_tracker_replaces_missing_track_when_capacity_is_full(void)
+{
+    target_tracker_t tracker;
+    target_tracker_config_t config = deterministic_tracker_config();
+    rd03d_target_t detections[3] = {
+        {.x_mm = -2000, .y_mm = 2000, .speed_cm_s = 1,
+         .resolution_mm = 100U, .valid = true},
+        {.x_mm = 0, .y_mm = 2000, .speed_cm_s = 2,
+         .resolution_mm = 100U, .valid = true},
+        {.x_mm = 2000, .y_mm = 2000, .speed_cm_s = 3,
+         .resolution_mm = 100U, .valid = true},
+    };
+    target_snapshot_t snapshots[3];
+    uint32_t departed_id = 0U;
+    size_t count;
+
+    config.position_ema_alpha = 1.0F;
+    target_tracker_init(&tracker, &config);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(3, target_tracker_update(&tracker, detections, 3U));
+    count = target_tracker_snapshot(&tracker, snapshots, ARRAY_SIZE(snapshots));
+    for (size_t i = 0U; i < count; ++i) {
+        if (snapshots[i].x_mm == 2000.0F) {
+            departed_id = snapshots[i].id;
+        }
+    }
+    ASSERT_TRUE(departed_id != 0U);
+
+    detections[2] = detection(6000, 2000, 4, 120U);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(3, target_tracker_update(&tracker, detections, 3U));
+    count = target_tracker_snapshot(&tracker, snapshots, ARRAY_SIZE(snapshots));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(3, count);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(find_snapshot(snapshots, count, departed_id) == NULL);
+
+    bool found_new_target = false;
+    for (size_t i = 0U; i < count; ++i) {
+        if (snapshots[i].x_mm == 6000.0F) {
+            found_new_target = true;
+            ASSERT_TRUE(snapshots[i].id != departed_id);
+        }
+    }
+    ASSERT_TRUE(found_new_target);
+}
+
+static void test_tracker_invalid_detection_and_reset(void)
+{
+    target_tracker_t tracker;
+    const rd03d_target_t detections[] = {
+        {.x_mm = 100, .y_mm = 200, .valid = false},
+        {.x_mm = 300, .y_mm = 400, .speed_cm_s = 5,
+         .resolution_mm = 10U, .valid = true},
+    };
+    target_snapshot_t snapshot;
+
+    target_tracker_init(&tracker, NULL);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(1,
+                  target_tracker_update(&tracker,
+                                        detections,
+                                        ARRAY_SIZE(detections)));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(1, target_tracker_snapshot(&tracker, &snapshot, 1U));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(1, snapshot.id);
+    target_tracker_reset(&tracker);
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(0, target_tracker_snapshot(&tracker, &snapshot, 1U));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(1,
+                  target_tracker_update(&tracker,
+                                        detections,
+                                        ARRAY_SIZE(detections)));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(1, target_tracker_snapshot(&tracker, &snapshot, 1U));
+    ASSERT_EQ_INT(1, snapshot.id);
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    RUN_TEST(test_sign_magnitude_boundaries);
+    RUN_TEST(test_decode_complete_frame_and_resolution);
+    RUN_TEST(test_parser_all_split_points);
+    RUN_TEST(test_parser_noise_corruption_and_resynchronisation);
+    RUN_TEST(test_parser_recovers_from_dropped_byte_and_embedded_header);
+    RUN_TEST(test_parser_multiple_frames_per_chunk);
+    RUN_TEST(test_tracker_stable_ids_slot_reorder_and_ema);
+    RUN_TEST(test_tracker_does_not_merge_close_targets);
+    RUN_TEST(test_tracker_frame_age_removal_and_reacquisition);
+    RUN_TEST(test_tracker_prediction_preserves_ids_through_crossing);
+    RUN_TEST(test_tracker_replaces_missing_track_when_capacity_is_full);
+    RUN_TEST(test_tracker_invalid_detection_and_reset);
+
+    (void)printf("1..%u\n", tests_run);
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}